ext/win32ole/win32ole.c

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/*
 *  (c) 1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
 *  Developed by ActiveWare Internet Corp., http://www.ActiveWare.com
 *
 *  Other modifications Copyright (c) 1997, 1998 by Gurusamy Sarathy
 *  <gsar@umich.edu> and Jan Dubois <jan.dubois@ibm.net>
 *
 *  You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
 *  License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file
 *  of the Perl distribution.
 *
 */

/*
  modified for win32ole (ruby) by Masaki.Suketa <masaki.suketa@nifty.ne.jp>
 */

#include "ruby/ruby.h"
#include "ruby/st.h"
#include "ruby/encoding.h"

#define GNUC_OLDER_3_4_4 \
    ((__GNUC__ < 3) || \
     ((__GNUC__ <= 3) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ < 4)) || \
     ((__GNUC__ <= 3) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ <= 4) && (__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ <= 4)))

#if (defined(__GNUC__)) && (GNUC_OLDER_3_4_4) 
#ifndef NONAMELESSUNION
#define NONAMELESSUNION 1
#endif
#endif

#include <ctype.h>

#include <windows.h>
#include <ocidl.h>
#include <olectl.h>
#include <ole2.h>
#if defined(HAVE_TYPE_IMULTILANGUAGE2) || defined(HAVE_TYPE_IMULTILANGUAGE)
#include <mlang.h>
#endif
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
#include <stdarg.h>
#define va_init_list(a,b) va_start(a,b)
#else
#include <varargs.h>
#define va_init_list(a,b) va_start(a)
#endif
#include <objidl.h>

#define DOUT fprintf(stderr,"[%d]\n",__LINE__)
#define DOUTS(x) fprintf(stderr,"[%d]:" #x "=%s\n",__LINE__,x)
#define DOUTMSG(x) fprintf(stderr, "[%d]:" #x "\n",__LINE__)
#define DOUTI(x) fprintf(stderr, "[%ld]:" #x "=%d\n",__LINE__,x)
#define DOUTD(x) fprintf(stderr, "[%d]:" #x "=%f\n",__LINE__,x)

#if (defined(__GNUC__)) && (GNUC_OLDER_3_4_4) 
#define V_UNION1(X, Y) ((X)->u.Y)
#else
#define V_UNION1(X, Y) ((X)->Y)
#endif

#if (defined(__GNUC__)) && (GNUC_OLDER_3_4_4) 
#undef V_UNION
#define V_UNION(X,Y) ((X)->n1.n2.n3.Y)

#undef V_VT
#define V_VT(X) ((X)->n1.n2.vt)

#undef V_BOOL
#define V_BOOL(X) V_UNION(X,boolVal)
#endif

#ifndef V_I1REF
#define V_I1REF(X) V_UNION(X, pcVal)
#endif

#ifndef U_UI2REF
#define V_UI2REF(X) V_UNION(X, puiVal)
#endif

#ifndef V_INT
#define V_INT(X) V_UNION(X, intVal)
#endif

#ifndef V_INTREF
#define V_INTREF(X) V_UNION(X, pintVal)
#endif

#ifndef V_UINT
#define V_UINT(X) V_UNION(X, uintVal)
#endif

#ifndef V_UINTREF
#define V_UINTREF(X) V_UNION(X, puintVal)
#endif

/*
 * unfortunately IID_IMultiLanguage2 is not included in any libXXX.a
 * in Cygwin(mingw32).
 */
#if defined(__CYGWIN__) ||  defined(__MINGW32__)
#undef IID_IMultiLanguage2
const IID IID_IMultiLanguage2 = {0xDCCFC164, 0x2B38, 0x11d2, {0xB7, 0xEC, 0x00, 0xC0, 0x4F, 0x8F, 0x5D, 0x9A}};
#endif

#define OLE_RELEASE(X) (X) ? ((X)->lpVtbl->Release(X)) : 0

#define OLE_ADDREF(X) (X) ? ((X)->lpVtbl->AddRef(X)) : 0

#define OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(X, Y) ((X)->lpVtbl->GetTypeAttr((X), (Y)))
#define OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(X, Y) ((X)->lpVtbl->ReleaseTypeAttr((X), (Y)))

#define OLE_FREE(x) {\
    if(g_ole_initialized == TRUE) {\
        if(x) {\
            OLE_RELEASE(x);\
            (x) = 0;\
        }\
    }\
}

#define OLEData_Get_Struct(obj, pole) {\
    Data_Get_Struct(obj, struct oledata, pole);\
    if(!pole->pDispatch) {\
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to get Dispatch Interface");\
    }\
}

#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
#define I8_2_NUM LL2NUM
#define UI8_2_NUM ULL2NUM
#define NUM2I8  NUM2LL
#define NUM2UI8 NUM2ULL
#else
#define I8_2_NUM INT2NUM
#define UI8_2_NUM UINT2NUM
#define NUM2I8  NUM2INT
#define NUM2UI8 NUM2UINT
#endif

#define WC2VSTR(x) ole_wc2vstr((x), TRUE)

#define WIN32OLE_VERSION "1.4.9"

typedef HRESULT (STDAPICALLTYPE FNCOCREATEINSTANCEEX)
    (REFCLSID, IUnknown*, DWORD, COSERVERINFO*, DWORD, MULTI_QI*);

typedef HWND (WINAPI FNHTMLHELP)(HWND hwndCaller, LPCSTR pszFile,
                                 UINT uCommand, DWORD dwData);
typedef BOOL (FNENUMSYSEMCODEPAGES) (CODEPAGE_ENUMPROC, DWORD);
typedef struct {
    struct IEventSinkVtbl * lpVtbl;
} IEventSink, *PEVENTSINK;

typedef struct IEventSinkVtbl IEventSinkVtbl;

struct IEventSinkVtbl {
    STDMETHOD(QueryInterface)(
        PEVENTSINK,
        REFIID,
        LPVOID *);
    STDMETHOD_(ULONG, AddRef)(PEVENTSINK);
    STDMETHOD_(ULONG, Release)(PEVENTSINK);

    STDMETHOD(GetTypeInfoCount)(
        PEVENTSINK,
        UINT *);
    STDMETHOD(GetTypeInfo)(
        PEVENTSINK,
        UINT,
        LCID,
        ITypeInfo **);
    STDMETHOD(GetIDsOfNames)(
        PEVENTSINK,
        REFIID,
        OLECHAR **,
        UINT,
        LCID,
        DISPID *);
    STDMETHOD(Invoke)(
        PEVENTSINK,
        DISPID,
        REFIID,
        LCID,
        WORD,
        DISPPARAMS *,
        VARIANT *,
        EXCEPINFO *,
        UINT *);
};

typedef struct tagIEVENTSINKOBJ {
    IEventSinkVtbl *lpVtbl;
    DWORD m_cRef;
    IID m_iid;
    int m_event_id;
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
}IEVENTSINKOBJ, *PIEVENTSINKOBJ;

VALUE cWIN32OLE;
VALUE cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB;
VALUE cWIN32OLE_TYPE;
VALUE cWIN32OLE_VARIABLE;
VALUE cWIN32OLE_METHOD;
VALUE cWIN32OLE_PARAM;
VALUE cWIN32OLE_EVENT;
VALUE cWIN32OLE_VARIANT;
VALUE eWIN32OLERuntimeError;
VALUE mWIN32OLE_VARIANT;
VALUE cWIN32OLE_PROPERTY;

static VALUE ary_ole_event;
static ID id_events;
static BOOL g_ole_initialized = FALSE;
static BOOL g_cp_installed = FALSE;
static BOOL g_lcid_installed = FALSE;
static HINSTANCE ghhctrl = NULL;
static HINSTANCE gole32 = NULL;
static FNCOCREATEINSTANCEEX *gCoCreateInstanceEx = NULL;
static VALUE com_hash;
static IDispatchVtbl com_vtbl;
static UINT cWIN32OLE_cp = CP_ACP;
static LCID cWIN32OLE_lcid = LOCALE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT;
static rb_encoding *cWIN32OLE_enc;
static UINT g_cp_to_check = CP_ACP;
static char g_lcid_to_check[8 + 1];
static VARTYPE g_nil_to = VT_ERROR;
static st_table *enc2cp_table;
static IMessageFilterVtbl message_filter;
static IMessageFilter imessage_filter = { &message_filter };
static IMessageFilter* previous_filter;

#if defined(HAVE_TYPE_IMULTILANGUAGE2)
static IMultiLanguage2 *pIMultiLanguage = NULL;
#elif defined(HAVE_TYPE_IMULTILANGUAGE)
static IMultiLanguage *pIMultiLanguage = NULL;
#else
#define pIMultiLanguage NULL /* dummy */
#endif

struct oledata {
    IDispatch *pDispatch;
};

struct oletypelibdata {
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;
};

struct oletypedata {
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
};

struct olemethoddata {
    ITypeInfo *pOwnerTypeInfo;
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
    UINT index;
};

struct olevariabledata {
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
    UINT index;
};

struct oleparamdata {
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
    UINT method_index;
    UINT index;
};

struct oleeventdata {
    DWORD dwCookie;
    IConnectionPoint *pConnectionPoint;
    long event_id;
};

struct oleparam {
    DISPPARAMS dp;
    OLECHAR** pNamedArgs;
};

struct olevariantdata {
    VARIANT realvar;
    VARIANT var;
};


static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface )(IDispatch __RPC_FAR *, REFIID riid, void __RPC_FAR *__RPC_FAR *ppvObject);
static ULONG ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef )(IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This);
static ULONG ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release )(IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This);
static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetTypeInfoCount )(IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This, UINT __RPC_FAR *pctinfo);
static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetTypeInfo )(IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This, UINT iTInfo, LCID lcid, ITypeInfo __RPC_FAR *__RPC_FAR *ppTInfo);
static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetIDsOfNames )(IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This, REFIID riid, LPOLESTR __RPC_FAR *rgszNames, UINT cNames, LCID lcid, DISPID __RPC_FAR *rgDispId);
static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE Invoke )( IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This, DISPID dispIdMember, REFIID riid, LCID lcid, WORD wFlags, DISPPARAMS __RPC_FAR *pDispParams, VARIANT __RPC_FAR *pVarResult, EXCEPINFO __RPC_FAR *pExcepInfo, UINT __RPC_FAR *puArgErr);
static IDispatch* val2dispatch(VALUE val);
static double rbtime2vtdate(VALUE tmobj);
static VALUE vtdate2rbtime(double date);
static rb_encoding *ole_cp2encoding(UINT cp);
static UINT ole_encoding2cp(rb_encoding *enc);
NORETURN(static void failed_load_conv51932(void));
#ifndef pIMultiLanguage
static void load_conv_function51932(void);
#endif
static UINT ole_init_cp(void);
static char *ole_wc2mb(LPWSTR pw);
static VALUE ole_hresult2msg(HRESULT hr);
static void ole_freeexceptinfo(EXCEPINFO *pExInfo);
static VALUE ole_excepinfo2msg(EXCEPINFO *pExInfo);
static void ole_raise(HRESULT hr, VALUE ecs, const char *fmt, ...);
static void ole_initialize();
static void ole_msg_loop();
static void ole_free(struct oledata *pole);
static void oletypelib_free(struct oletypelibdata *poletypelib);
static void oletype_free(struct oletypedata *poletype);
static void olemethod_free(struct olemethoddata *polemethod);
static void olevariable_free(struct olevariabledata *polevar);
static void oleparam_free(struct oleparamdata *pole);
static LPWSTR ole_vstr2wc(VALUE vstr);
static LPWSTR ole_mb2wc(char *pm, int len);
static VALUE ole_wc2vstr(LPWSTR pw, BOOL isfree);
static VALUE ole_ary_m_entry(VALUE val, long *pid);
static void * get_ptr_of_variant(VARIANT *pvar);
static VALUE is_all_index_under(long *pid, long *pub, long dim);
static void ole_set_safe_array(long n, SAFEARRAY *psa, long *pid, long *pub, VALUE val, long dim,  VARTYPE vt);
static long dimension(VALUE val);
static long ary_len_of_dim(VALUE ary, long dim);
static HRESULT ole_val_ary2variant_ary(VALUE val, VARIANT *var, VARTYPE vt);
static void ole_val2variant(VALUE val, VARIANT *var);
static void ole_val2variant_ex(VALUE val, VARIANT *var, VARTYPE vt);
static void ole_val2ptr_variant(VALUE val, VARIANT *var);
static void ole_set_byref(VARIANT *realvar, VARIANT *var,  VARTYPE vt);
static void ole_val2olevariantdata(VALUE val, VARTYPE vt, struct olevariantdata *pvar);
static void ole_val2variant2(VALUE val, VARIANT *var);
static VALUE make_inspect(const char *class_name, VALUE detail);
static VALUE default_inspect(VALUE self, const char *class_name);
static VALUE ole_set_member(VALUE self, IDispatch *dispatch);
static VALUE fole_s_allocate(VALUE klass);
static VALUE create_win32ole_object(VALUE klass, IDispatch *pDispatch, int argc, VALUE *argv);
static VALUE ary_new_dim(VALUE myary, long *pid, long *plb, long dim);
static void ary_store_dim(VALUE myary, long *pid, long *plb, long dim, VALUE val);
static VALUE ole_variant2val(VARIANT *pvar);
static LONG reg_open_key(HKEY hkey, const char *name, HKEY *phkey);
static LONG reg_open_vkey(HKEY hkey, VALUE key, HKEY *phkey);
static VALUE reg_enum_key(HKEY hkey, DWORD i);
static VALUE reg_get_val(HKEY hkey, const char *subkey);
static VALUE reg_get_typelib_file_path(HKEY hkey);
static VALUE typelib_file_from_clsid(VALUE ole);
static VALUE typelib_file_from_typelib(VALUE ole);
static VALUE typelib_file(VALUE ole);
static void ole_const_load(ITypeLib *pTypeLib, VALUE klass, VALUE self);
static HRESULT clsid_from_remote(VALUE host, VALUE com, CLSID *pclsid);
static VALUE ole_create_dcom(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_bind_obj(VALUE moniker, int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VALUE fole_s_connect(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VALUE fole_s_const_load(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_types_from_typelib(ITypeLib *pTypeLib, VALUE classes);
static ULONG reference_count(struct oledata * pole);
static VALUE fole_s_reference_count(VALUE self, VALUE obj);
static VALUE fole_s_free(VALUE self, VALUE obj);
static HWND ole_show_help(VALUE helpfile, VALUE helpcontext);
static VALUE fole_s_show_help(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VALUE fole_s_get_code_page(VALUE self);
static BOOL CALLBACK installed_code_page_proc(LPTSTR str);
static BOOL code_page_installed(UINT cp);
static VALUE fole_s_set_code_page(VALUE self, VALUE vcp);
static VALUE fole_s_get_locale(VALUE self);
static BOOL CALLBACK installed_lcid_proc(LPTSTR str);
static BOOL lcid_installed(LCID lcid);
static VALUE fole_s_set_locale(VALUE self, VALUE vlcid);
static VALUE fole_s_create_guid(VALUE self);
static void  ole_pure_initialize();
static VALUE fole_s_ole_initialize(VALUE self);
static void  ole_pure_uninitialize();
static VALUE fole_s_ole_uninitialize(VALUE self);
static VALUE fole_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VALUE hash2named_arg(VALUE pair, struct oleparam* pOp);
static VALUE set_argv(VARIANTARG* realargs, unsigned int beg, unsigned int end);
static VALUE ole_invoke(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, USHORT wFlags, BOOL is_bracket);
static VALUE fole_invoke(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_invoke2(VALUE self, VALUE dispid, VALUE args, VALUE types, USHORT dispkind);
static VALUE fole_invoke2(VALUE self, VALUE dispid, VALUE args, VALUE types);
static VALUE fole_getproperty2(VALUE self, VALUE dispid, VALUE args, VALUE types);
static VALUE fole_setproperty2(VALUE self, VALUE dispid, VALUE args, VALUE types);
static VALUE fole_setproperty_with_bracket(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VALUE fole_setproperty(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VALUE fole_getproperty_with_bracket(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_propertyput(VALUE self, VALUE property, VALUE value);
static VALUE fole_free(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_each_sub(VALUE pEnumV);
static VALUE ole_ienum_free(VALUE pEnumV);
static VALUE fole_each(VALUE self);
static VALUE fole_missing(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_method_sub(VALUE self, ITypeInfo *pOwnerTypeInfo, ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, VALUE name);
static VALUE olemethod_from_typeinfo(VALUE self, ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, VALUE name);
static VALUE ole_methods_sub(ITypeInfo *pOwnerTypeInfo, ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, VALUE methods, int mask);
static VALUE ole_methods_from_typeinfo(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, int mask);
static HRESULT typeinfo_from_ole(struct oledata *pole, ITypeInfo **ppti);
static VALUE ole_methods(VALUE self, int mask);
static VALUE fole_methods(VALUE self);
static VALUE fole_get_methods(VALUE self);
static VALUE fole_put_methods(VALUE self);
static VALUE fole_func_methods(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_type_from_itypeinfo(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo);
static VALUE fole_type(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_typelib_from_itypeinfo(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo);
static VALUE fole_typelib(VALUE self);
static VALUE fole_query_interface(VALUE self, VALUE str_iid);
static VALUE fole_respond_to(VALUE self, VALUE method);
static HRESULT ole_docinfo_from_type(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, BSTR *name, BSTR *helpstr, DWORD *helpcontext, BSTR *helpfile);
static VALUE ole_usertype2val(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, TYPEDESC *pTypeDesc, VALUE typedetails);
static VALUE ole_ptrtype2val(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, TYPEDESC *pTypeDesc, VALUE typedetails);
static VALUE ole_typedesc2val(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, TYPEDESC *pTypeDesc, VALUE typedetails);
static VALUE fole_method_help(VALUE self, VALUE cmdname);
static VALUE fole_activex_initialize(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletype_s_ole_classes(VALUE self, VALUE typelib);
static VALUE foletype_s_typelibs(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletype_s_progids(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletype_s_allocate(VALUE klass);
static VALUE oletype_set_member(VALUE self, ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, VALUE name);
static VALUE oleclass_from_typelib(VALUE self, ITypeLib *pTypeLib, VALUE oleclass);
static VALUE oletypelib_set_member(VALUE self, ITypeLib *pTypeLib);
static ITypeLib * oletypelib_get_typelib(VALUE self);
static void oletypelib_get_libattr(ITypeLib *pTypeLib, TLIBATTR **ppTLibAttr);
static VALUE foletypelib_s_typelibs(VALUE self);
static VALUE make_version_str(VALUE major, VALUE minor);
static VALUE oletypelib_search_registry2(VALUE self, VALUE args);
static VALUE oletypelib_search_registry(VALUE self, VALUE typelib);
static VALUE foletypelib_s_allocate(VALUE klass);
static VALUE foletypelib_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE args);
static VALUE foletypelib_guid(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletypelib_name(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletypelib_version(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletypelib_major_version(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletypelib_minor_version(VALUE self);
static VALUE oletypelib_path(VALUE guid, VALUE version);
static HRESULT oletypelib_from_guid(VALUE guid, VALUE version, ITypeLib **ppTypeLib);
static VALUE foletypelib_path(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletypelib_visible(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletypelib_library_name(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletypelib_ole_types(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletypelib_inspect(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletype_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE typelib, VALUE oleclass);
static VALUE foletype_name(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_ole_type(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo);
static VALUE foletype_ole_type(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_type_guid(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo);
static VALUE foletype_guid(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_type_progid(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo);
static VALUE foletype_progid(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_type_visible(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo);
static VALUE foletype_visible(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_type_major_version(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo);
static VALUE foletype_major_version(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_type_minor_version(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo);
static VALUE foletype_minor_version(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_type_typekind(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo);
static VALUE foletype_typekind(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_type_helpstring(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo);
static VALUE foletype_helpstring(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_type_src_type(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo);
static VALUE foletype_src_type(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_type_helpfile(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo);
static VALUE foletype_helpfile(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_type_helpcontext(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo);
static VALUE foletype_helpcontext(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletype_ole_typelib(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_type_impl_ole_types(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, int implflags);
static VALUE foletype_impl_ole_types(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletype_source_ole_types(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletype_default_event_sources(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletype_default_ole_types(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletype_inspect(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_variables(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo);
static VALUE foletype_variables(VALUE self);
static VALUE foletype_methods(VALUE self);
static VALUE folevariable_name(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_variable_ole_type(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT var_index);
static VALUE folevariable_ole_type(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_variable_ole_type_detail(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT var_index);
static VALUE folevariable_ole_type_detail(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_variable_value(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT var_index);
static VALUE folevariable_value(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_variable_visible(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT var_index);
static VALUE folevariable_visible(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_variable_kind(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT var_index);
static VALUE folevariable_variable_kind(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_variable_varkind(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT var_index);
static VALUE folevariable_varkind(VALUE self);
static VALUE folevariable_inspect(VALUE self);
static VALUE olemethod_set_member(VALUE self, ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, ITypeInfo *pOwnerTypeInfo, int index, VALUE name);
static VALUE folemethod_s_allocate(VALUE klass);
static VALUE folemethod_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE oletype, VALUE method);
static VALUE folemethod_name(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_method_return_type(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index);
static VALUE folemethod_return_type(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_method_return_vtype(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index);
static VALUE folemethod_return_vtype(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_method_return_type_detail(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index);
static VALUE folemethod_return_type_detail(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_method_invkind(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index);
static VALUE ole_method_invoke_kind(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index);
static VALUE folemethod_invkind(VALUE self);
static VALUE folemethod_invoke_kind(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_method_visible(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index);
static VALUE folemethod_visible(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_method_event(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index, VALUE method_name);
static VALUE folemethod_event(VALUE self);
static VALUE folemethod_event_interface(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_method_docinfo_from_type(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index, BSTR *name, BSTR *helpstr, DWORD *helpcontext, BSTR *helpfile);
static VALUE ole_method_helpstring(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index);
static VALUE folemethod_helpstring(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_method_helpfile(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index);
static VALUE folemethod_helpfile(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_method_helpcontext(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index);
static VALUE folemethod_helpcontext(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_method_dispid(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index);
static VALUE folemethod_dispid(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_method_offset_vtbl(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index);
static VALUE folemethod_offset_vtbl(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_method_size_params(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index);
static VALUE folemethod_size_params(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_method_size_opt_params(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index);
static VALUE folemethod_size_opt_params(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_method_params(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index);
static VALUE folemethod_params(VALUE self);
static VALUE folemethod_inspect(VALUE self);
static VALUE foleparam_s_allocate(VALUE klass);
static VALUE oleparam_ole_param_from_index(VALUE self, ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index, int param_index);
static VALUE oleparam_ole_param(VALUE self, VALUE olemethod, int n);
static VALUE foleparam_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE olemethod, VALUE n);
static VALUE foleparam_name(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_param_ole_type(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index, UINT index);
static VALUE foleparam_ole_type(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_param_ole_type_detail(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index, UINT index);
static VALUE foleparam_ole_type_detail(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_param_flag_mask(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index, UINT index, USHORT mask);
static VALUE foleparam_input(VALUE self);
static VALUE foleparam_output(VALUE self);
static VALUE foleparam_optional(VALUE self);
static VALUE foleparam_retval(VALUE self);
static VALUE ole_param_default(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index, UINT index);
static VALUE foleparam_default(VALUE self);
static VALUE foleparam_inspect(VALUE self);
static long ole_search_event_at(VALUE ary, VALUE ev);
static VALUE ole_search_event(VALUE ary, VALUE ev, BOOL  *is_default);
static VALUE ole_search_handler_method(VALUE handler, VALUE ev, BOOL *is_default_handler);
static void ole_delete_event(VALUE ary, VALUE ev);
static void hash2ptr_dispparams(VALUE hash, ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, DISPID dispid, DISPPARAMS *pdispparams);
static VALUE hash2result(VALUE hash);
static void ary2ptr_dispparams(VALUE ary, DISPPARAMS *pdispparams);
static VALUE exec_callback(VALUE arg);
static VALUE rescue_callback(VALUE arg);
static HRESULT find_iid(VALUE ole, char *pitf, IID *piid, ITypeInfo **ppTypeInfo);
static HRESULT find_coclass(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr, ITypeInfo **pTypeInfo2, TYPEATTR **pTypeAttr2);
static HRESULT find_default_source_from_typeinfo(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr, ITypeInfo **ppTypeInfo);
static HRESULT find_default_source(VALUE ole, IID *piid, ITypeInfo **ppTypeInfo);
static void ole_event_free(struct oleeventdata *poleev);
static VALUE fev_s_allocate(VALUE klass);
static VALUE ev_advise(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VALUE fev_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VALUE fev_s_msg_loop(VALUE klass);
static void add_event_call_back(VALUE obj, VALUE event, VALUE data);
static VALUE ev_on_event(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, VALUE is_ary_arg);
static VALUE fev_on_event(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VALUE fev_on_event_with_outargs(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VALUE fev_off_event(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VALUE fev_unadvise(VALUE self);
static VALUE fev_set_handler(VALUE self, VALUE val);
static VALUE fev_get_handler(VALUE self);
static VALUE evs_push(VALUE ev);
static VALUE evs_delete(long i);
static VALUE evs_entry(long i);
static VALUE evs_length();
static void  olevariant_free(struct olevariantdata *pvar);
static VALUE folevariant_s_allocate(VALUE klass);
static VALUE folevariant_s_array(VALUE klass, VALUE dims, VALUE vvt);
static VALUE folevariant_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE args);
static long *ary2safe_array_index(int ary_size, VALUE *ary, SAFEARRAY *psa);
static void unlock_safe_array(SAFEARRAY *psa);
static SAFEARRAY *get_locked_safe_array(VALUE val);
static VALUE folevariant_ary_aref(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VOID * val2variant_ptr(VALUE val, VARIANT *var, VARTYPE vt);
static VALUE folevariant_ary_aset(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self);
static VALUE folevariant_value(VALUE self);
static VALUE folevariant_vartype(VALUE self);
static VALUE folevariant_set_value(VALUE self, VALUE val);
static void init_enc2cp();
static void free_enc2cp();

static HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE mf_QueryInterface)(
    IMessageFilter __RPC_FAR * This,
    /* [in] */ REFIID riid,
    /* [iid_is][out] */ void __RPC_FAR *__RPC_FAR *ppvObject)
{
    if (MEMCMP(riid, &IID_IUnknown, GUID, 1) == 0
        || MEMCMP(riid, &IID_IMessageFilter, GUID, 1) == 0)
    {
        *ppvObject = &message_filter;
        return S_OK;
    }
    return E_NOINTERFACE;
}

static ULONG (STDMETHODCALLTYPE mf_AddRef)(
    IMessageFilter __RPC_FAR * This)
{
    return 1;
}

static ULONG (STDMETHODCALLTYPE mf_Release)(
    IMessageFilter __RPC_FAR * This)
{
    return 1;
}

static DWORD (STDMETHODCALLTYPE mf_HandleInComingCall)(
    IMessageFilter __RPC_FAR * pThis,
    DWORD dwCallType,      //Type of incoming call
    HTASK threadIDCaller,  //Task handle calling this task
    DWORD dwTickCount,     //Elapsed tick count
    LPINTERFACEINFO lpInterfaceInfo //Pointer to INTERFACEINFO structure
    )
{
#ifdef DEBUG_MESSAGEFILTER
    printf("incoming %08X, %08X, %d\n", dwCallType, threadIDCaller, dwTickCount);
    fflush(stdout);
#endif
    switch (dwCallType)
    {
    case CALLTYPE_ASYNC:
    case CALLTYPE_TOPLEVEL_CALLPENDING:
    case CALLTYPE_ASYNC_CALLPENDING:
        if (rb_during_gc()) {
            return SERVERCALL_RETRYLATER;
        }
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    if (previous_filter) {
        return previous_filter->lpVtbl->HandleInComingCall(previous_filter,
                                                   dwCallType,
                                                   threadIDCaller,
                                                   dwTickCount,
                                                   lpInterfaceInfo);
    }
    return SERVERCALL_ISHANDLED;
}

static DWORD (STDMETHODCALLTYPE mf_RetryRejectedCall)(
    IMessageFilter* pThis,
    HTASK threadIDCallee,  //Server task handle
    DWORD dwTickCount,     //Elapsed tick count
    DWORD dwRejectType     //Returned rejection message
    )
{
    if (previous_filter) {
        return previous_filter->lpVtbl->RetryRejectedCall(previous_filter,
                                                  threadIDCallee,
                                                  dwTickCount,
                                                  dwRejectType);
    }
    return 1000;
}

static DWORD (STDMETHODCALLTYPE mf_MessagePending)(
    IMessageFilter* pThis,
    HTASK threadIDCallee,  //Called applications task handle
    DWORD dwTickCount,     //Elapsed tick count
    DWORD dwPendingType    //Call type
    )
{
    if (rb_during_gc()) {
        return PENDINGMSG_WAITNOPROCESS;
    }
    if (previous_filter) {
        return previous_filter->lpVtbl->MessagePending(previous_filter,
                                               threadIDCallee,
                                               dwTickCount,
                                               dwPendingType);
    }
    return PENDINGMSG_WAITNOPROCESS;
}

typedef struct _Win32OLEIDispatch
{
    IDispatch dispatch;
    ULONG refcount;
    VALUE obj;
} Win32OLEIDispatch;

static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface )(
    IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This,
    /* [in] */ REFIID riid,
    /* [iid_is][out] */ void __RPC_FAR *__RPC_FAR *ppvObject)
{
    if (MEMCMP(riid, &IID_IUnknown, GUID, 1) == 0
        || MEMCMP(riid, &IID_IDispatch, GUID, 1) == 0)
    {
        Win32OLEIDispatch* p = (Win32OLEIDispatch*)This;
        p->refcount++;
        *ppvObject = This;
        return S_OK;
    }
    return E_NOINTERFACE;
}

static ULONG ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef )(
    IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This)
{
    Win32OLEIDispatch* p = (Win32OLEIDispatch*)This;
    return ++(p->refcount);
}

static ULONG ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release )(
    IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This)
{
    Win32OLEIDispatch* p = (Win32OLEIDispatch*)This;
    ULONG u = --(p->refcount);
    if (u == 0) {
        st_data_t key = p->obj;
        st_delete(DATA_PTR(com_hash), &key, 0);
        free(p);
    }
    return u;
}

static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetTypeInfoCount )(
    IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This,
    /* [out] */ UINT __RPC_FAR *pctinfo)
{
    return E_NOTIMPL;
}

static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetTypeInfo )(
    IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This,
    /* [in] */ UINT iTInfo,
    /* [in] */ LCID lcid,
    /* [out] */ ITypeInfo __RPC_FAR *__RPC_FAR *ppTInfo)
{
    return E_NOTIMPL;
}


static HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetIDsOfNames )(
    IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This,
    /* [in] */ REFIID riid,
    /* [size_is][in] */ LPOLESTR __RPC_FAR *rgszNames,
    /* [in] */ UINT cNames,
    /* [in] */ LCID lcid,
    /* [size_is][out] */ DISPID __RPC_FAR *rgDispId)
{
    /*
    Win32OLEIDispatch* p = (Win32OLEIDispatch*)This;
    */
    char* psz = ole_wc2mb(*rgszNames); // support only one method
    *rgDispId = rb_intern(psz);
    free(psz);
    return S_OK;
}

static /* [local] */ HRESULT ( STDMETHODCALLTYPE Invoke )(
    IDispatch __RPC_FAR * This,
    /* [in] */ DISPID dispIdMember,
    /* [in] */ REFIID riid,
    /* [in] */ LCID lcid,
    /* [in] */ WORD wFlags,
    /* [out][in] */ DISPPARAMS __RPC_FAR *pDispParams,
    /* [out] */ VARIANT __RPC_FAR *pVarResult,
    /* [out] */ EXCEPINFO __RPC_FAR *pExcepInfo,
    /* [out] */ UINT __RPC_FAR *puArgErr)
{
    VALUE v;
    int i;
    int args = pDispParams->cArgs;
    Win32OLEIDispatch* p = (Win32OLEIDispatch*)This;
    VALUE* parg = ALLOCA_N(VALUE, args);
    for (i = 0; i < args; i++) {
        *(parg + i) = ole_variant2val(&pDispParams->rgvarg[args - i - 1]);
    }
    if (dispIdMember == DISPID_VALUE) {
        if (wFlags == DISPATCH_METHOD) {
            dispIdMember = rb_intern("call");
        } else if (wFlags & DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET) {
            dispIdMember = rb_intern("value");
        }
    }
    v = rb_funcall2(p->obj, dispIdMember, args, parg);
    ole_val2variant(v, pVarResult);
    return S_OK;
}

static IDispatch*
val2dispatch(VALUE val)
{
    struct st_table *tbl = DATA_PTR(com_hash);
    Win32OLEIDispatch* pdisp;
    st_data_t data;

    if (st_lookup(tbl, val, &data)) {
        pdisp = (Win32OLEIDispatch *)(data & ~FIXNUM_FLAG);
        pdisp->refcount++;
    }
    else {
        pdisp = ALLOC(Win32OLEIDispatch);
        pdisp->dispatch.lpVtbl = &com_vtbl;
        pdisp->refcount = 1;
        pdisp->obj = val;
        st_insert(tbl, val, (VALUE)pdisp | FIXNUM_FLAG);
    }
    return &pdisp->dispatch;
}

static double
rbtime2vtdate(VALUE tmobj)
{
    SYSTEMTIME st;
    double t = 0;
    memset(&st, 0, sizeof(SYSTEMTIME));
    st.wYear = FIX2INT(rb_funcall(tmobj, rb_intern("year"), 0));
    st.wMonth = FIX2INT(rb_funcall(tmobj, rb_intern("month"), 0));
    st.wDay = FIX2INT(rb_funcall(tmobj, rb_intern("mday"), 0));
    st.wHour = FIX2INT(rb_funcall(tmobj, rb_intern("hour"), 0));
    st.wMinute = FIX2INT(rb_funcall(tmobj, rb_intern("min"), 0));
    st.wSecond = FIX2INT(rb_funcall(tmobj, rb_intern("sec"), 0));
    st.wMilliseconds = FIX2INT(rb_funcall(tmobj, rb_intern("nsec"), 0)) / 1000000;
    SystemTimeToVariantTime(&st, &t);
    return t;
}

static VALUE
vtdate2rbtime(double date)
{
    SYSTEMTIME st;
    VALUE v;
    VariantTimeToSystemTime(date, &st);

    v = rb_funcall(rb_cTime, rb_intern("new"), 6,
                      INT2FIX(st.wYear),
                      INT2FIX(st.wMonth),
                      INT2FIX(st.wDay),
                      INT2FIX(st.wHour),
                      INT2FIX(st.wMinute),
                      INT2FIX(st.wSecond));
    if (st.wMilliseconds > 0) {
        return rb_funcall(v, rb_intern("+"), 1, rb_float_new((double)(st.wMilliseconds / 1000.0)));
    }
    return v;
}

#define ENC_MACHING_CP(enc,encname,cp) if(strcasecmp(rb_enc_name((enc)),(encname)) == 0) return cp

static UINT ole_encoding2cp(rb_encoding *enc)
{
    /*
     * Is there any better solution to convert
     * Ruby encoding to Windows codepage???
     */
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Big5", 950);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "CP51932", 51932);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "CP850", 850);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "CP852", 852);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "CP855", 855);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "CP949", 949);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "EUC-JP", 20932);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "EUC-KR", 51949);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "EUC-TW", 51950);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "GB18030", 54936);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "GB2312", 20936);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "GBK", 936);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM437", 437);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM737", 737);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM775", 775);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM852", 852);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM855", 855);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM857", 857);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM860", 860);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM861", 861);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM862", 862);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM863", 863);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM864", 864);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM865", 865);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM866", 866);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "IBM869", 869);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-2022-JP", 50220);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-1", 28591);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-15", 28605);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-2", 28592);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-3", 28593);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-4", 28594);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-5", 28595);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-6", 28596);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-7", 28597);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-8", 28598);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "ISO-8859-9", 28599);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "KOI8-R", 20866);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "KOI8-U", 21866);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Shift_JIS", 932);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "UTF-16BE", 1201);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "UTF-16LE", 1200);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "UTF-7", 65000);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "UTF-8", 65001);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1250", 1250);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1251", 1251);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1252", 1252);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1253", 1253);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1254", 1254);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1255", 1255);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1256", 1256);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1257", 1257);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-1258", 1258);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-31J", 932);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "Windows-874", 874);
    ENC_MACHING_CP(enc, "eucJP-ms", 20932);
    return CP_ACP;
}

static void
failed_load_conv51932(void)
{
    rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "fail to load convert function for CP51932");
}

#ifndef pIMultiLanguage
static void
load_conv_function51932(void)
{
    HRESULT hr = E_NOINTERFACE;
    void *p;
    if (!pIMultiLanguage) {
#if defined(HAVE_TYPE_IMULTILANGUAGE2)
        hr = CoCreateInstance(&CLSID_CMultiLanguage, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
                              &IID_IMultiLanguage2, &p);
#elif defined(HAVE_TYPE_IMULTILANGUAGE)
        hr = CoCreateInstance(&CLSID_CMultiLanguage, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
                              &IID_IMultiLanguage, &p);
#endif
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            failed_load_conv51932();
        }
        pIMultiLanguage = p;
    }
}
#else
#define load_conv_function51932() failed_load_conv51932()
#endif

#define conv_51932(cp) ((cp) == 51932 && (load_conv_function51932(), 1))

static void
set_ole_codepage(UINT cp)
{
    if (code_page_installed(cp)) {
        cWIN32OLE_cp = cp;
    } else {
        switch(cp) {
        case CP_ACP:
        case CP_OEMCP:
        case CP_MACCP:
        case CP_THREAD_ACP:
        case CP_SYMBOL:
        case CP_UTF7:
        case CP_UTF8:
            cWIN32OLE_cp = cp;
            break;
        case 51932:
            cWIN32OLE_cp = cp;
            load_conv_function51932();
            break;
        default:
            rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "codepage should be WIN32OLE::CP_ACP, WIN32OLE::CP_OEMCP, WIN32OLE::CP_MACCP, WIN32OLE::CP_THREAD_ACP, WIN32OLE::CP_SYMBOL, WIN32OLE::CP_UTF7, WIN32OLE::CP_UTF8, or installed codepage.");
            break;
        }
    }
    cWIN32OLE_enc = ole_cp2encoding(cWIN32OLE_cp);
}


static UINT
ole_init_cp(void)
{
    UINT cp;
    rb_encoding *encdef;
    encdef = rb_default_internal_encoding();
    if (!encdef) {
        encdef = rb_default_external_encoding();
    }
    cp = ole_encoding2cp(encdef);
    set_ole_codepage(cp);
    return cp;
}

struct myCPINFOEX {
  UINT MaxCharSize;
  BYTE DefaultChar[2];
  BYTE LeadByte[12];
  WCHAR UnicodeDefaultChar;
  UINT CodePage;
  char CodePageName[MAX_PATH];
};

static rb_encoding *
ole_cp2encoding(UINT cp)
{
    static BOOL (*pGetCPInfoEx)(UINT, DWORD, struct myCPINFOEX *) = NULL;
    struct myCPINFOEX* buf;
    VALUE enc_name;
    char *enc_cstr;
    int idx;

    if (!code_page_installed(cp)) {
        switch(cp) {
          case CP_ACP:
            cp = GetACP();
            break;
          case CP_OEMCP:
            cp = GetOEMCP();
            break;
          case CP_MACCP:
          case CP_THREAD_ACP:
            if (!pGetCPInfoEx) {
                pGetCPInfoEx = (BOOL (*)(UINT, DWORD, struct myCPINFOEX *))
                    GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandle("kernel32"), "GetCPInfoEx");
                if (!pGetCPInfoEx) {
                    pGetCPInfoEx = (void*)-1;
                }
            }
            buf = ALLOCA_N(struct myCPINFOEX, 1);
            ZeroMemory(buf, sizeof(struct myCPINFOEX));
            if (pGetCPInfoEx == (void*)-1 || !pGetCPInfoEx(cp, 0, buf)) {
                rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "cannot map codepage to encoding.");
                break;  /* never reach here */
            }
            cp = buf->CodePage;
            break;
          case CP_SYMBOL:
          case CP_UTF7:
          case CP_UTF8:
            break;
          case 51932:
            load_conv_function51932();
            break;
          default:
            rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "codepage should be WIN32OLE::CP_ACP, WIN32OLE::CP_OEMCP, WIN32OLE::CP_MACCP, WIN32OLE::CP_THREAD_ACP, WIN32OLE::CP_SYMBOL, WIN32OLE::CP_UTF7, WIN32OLE::CP_UTF8, or installed codepage.");
            break;
        }
    }

    enc_name = rb_sprintf("CP%d", cp);
    idx = rb_enc_find_index(enc_cstr = StringValueCStr(enc_name));
    if (idx < 0)
        idx = rb_define_dummy_encoding(enc_cstr);
    return rb_enc_from_index(idx);
}

static char *
ole_wc2mb(LPWSTR pw)
{
    LPSTR pm;
    int size = 0;
    if (conv_51932(cWIN32OLE_cp)) {
#ifndef pIMultiLanguage
        DWORD dw = 0;
        HRESULT hr = pIMultiLanguage->lpVtbl->ConvertStringFromUnicode(pIMultiLanguage,
                &dw, cWIN32OLE_cp, pw, NULL, NULL, &size);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "fail to convert Unicode to CP%d", cWIN32OLE_cp);
        }
        pm = ALLOC_N(char, size + 1);
        hr = pIMultiLanguage->lpVtbl->ConvertStringFromUnicode(pIMultiLanguage,
                &dw, cWIN32OLE_cp, pw, NULL, pm, &size);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "fail to convert Unicode to CP%d", cWIN32OLE_cp);
        }
        pm[size] = '\0';
#endif
        return pm;
    }
    size = WideCharToMultiByte(cWIN32OLE_cp, 0, pw, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
    if (size) {
        pm = ALLOC_N(char, size + 1);
        WideCharToMultiByte(cWIN32OLE_cp, 0, pw, -1, pm, size, NULL, NULL);
        pm[size] = '\0';
    }
    else {
        pm = ALLOC_N(char, 1);
        *pm = '\0';
    }
    return pm;
}

static VALUE
ole_hresult2msg(HRESULT hr)
{
    VALUE msg = Qnil;
    char *p_msg = NULL;
    char *term = NULL;
    DWORD dwCount;

    char strhr[100];
    sprintf(strhr, "    HRESULT error code:0x%08x\n      ", (unsigned)hr);
    msg = rb_str_new2(strhr);

    dwCount = FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |
                            FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
                            FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
                            NULL, hr, cWIN32OLE_lcid,
                            (LPTSTR)&p_msg, 0, NULL);
    if (dwCount > 0) {
        term = p_msg + strlen(p_msg);
        while (p_msg < term) {
            term--;
            if (*term == '\r' || *term == '\n')
                *term = '\0';
            else break;
        }
        if (p_msg[0] != '\0') {
            rb_str_cat2(msg, p_msg);
        }
    }
    LocalFree(p_msg);
    return msg;
}

static void
ole_freeexceptinfo(EXCEPINFO *pExInfo)
{
    SysFreeString(pExInfo->bstrDescription);
    SysFreeString(pExInfo->bstrSource);
    SysFreeString(pExInfo->bstrHelpFile);
}

static VALUE
ole_excepinfo2msg(EXCEPINFO *pExInfo)
{
    char error_code[40];
    char *pSource = NULL;
    char *pDescription = NULL;
    VALUE error_msg;
    if(pExInfo->pfnDeferredFillIn != NULL) {
        (*pExInfo->pfnDeferredFillIn)(pExInfo);
    }
    if (pExInfo->bstrSource != NULL) {
        pSource = ole_wc2mb(pExInfo->bstrSource);
    }
    if (pExInfo->bstrDescription != NULL) {
        pDescription = ole_wc2mb(pExInfo->bstrDescription);
    }
    if(pExInfo->wCode == 0) {
        sprintf(error_code, "\n    OLE error code:%lX in ", pExInfo->scode);
    }
    else{
        sprintf(error_code, "\n    OLE error code:%u in ", pExInfo->wCode);
    }
    error_msg = rb_str_new2(error_code);
    if(pSource != NULL) {
        rb_str_cat(error_msg, pSource, strlen(pSource));
    }
    else {
        rb_str_cat(error_msg, "<Unknown>", 9);
    }
    rb_str_cat2(error_msg, "\n      ");
    if(pDescription != NULL) {
        rb_str_cat2(error_msg, pDescription);
    }
    else {
        rb_str_cat2(error_msg, "<No Description>");
    }
    if(pSource) free(pSource);
    if(pDescription) free(pDescription);
    ole_freeexceptinfo(pExInfo);
    return error_msg;
}

static void
ole_raise(HRESULT hr, VALUE ecs, const char *fmt, ...)
{
    va_list args;
    char buf[BUFSIZ];
    VALUE err_msg;
    va_init_list(args, fmt);
    vsnprintf(buf, BUFSIZ, fmt, args);
    va_end(args);

    err_msg = ole_hresult2msg(hr);
    if(err_msg != Qnil) {
        rb_raise(ecs, "%s\n%s", buf, StringValuePtr(err_msg));
    }
    else {
        rb_raise(ecs, "%s", buf);
    }
}

void
ole_uninitialize()
{
    OleUninitialize();
    g_ole_initialized = FALSE;
}

static void
ole_initialize()
{
    HRESULT hr;

    if(g_ole_initialized == FALSE) {
        hr = OleInitialize(NULL);
        if(FAILED(hr)) {
            ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "fail: OLE initialize");
        }
        g_ole_initialized = TRUE;
        /*
         * In some situation, OleUninitialize does not work fine. ;-<
         */
        /*
        atexit((void (*)(void))ole_uninitialize);
        */
        hr = CoRegisterMessageFilter(&imessage_filter, &previous_filter);
        if(FAILED(hr)) {
            previous_filter = NULL;
            ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "fail: install OLE MessageFilter");
        }
    }
}

static void
ole_msg_loop() {
    MSG msg;
    while(PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE)) {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }
}

static void
ole_free(struct oledata *pole)
{
    OLE_FREE(pole->pDispatch);
    free(pole);
}

static void
oletypelib_free(struct oletypelibdata *poletypelib)
{
    OLE_FREE(poletypelib->pTypeLib);
    free(poletypelib);
}

static void
oletype_free(struct oletypedata *poletype)
{
    OLE_FREE(poletype->pTypeInfo);
    free(poletype);
}

static void
olemethod_free(struct olemethoddata *polemethod)
{
    OLE_FREE(polemethod->pTypeInfo);
    OLE_FREE(polemethod->pOwnerTypeInfo);
    free(polemethod);
}

static void
olevariable_free(struct olevariabledata *polevar)
{
    OLE_FREE(polevar->pTypeInfo);
    free(polevar);
}

static void
oleparam_free(struct oleparamdata *pole)
{
    OLE_FREE(pole->pTypeInfo);
    free(pole);
}


static LPWSTR
ole_vstr2wc(VALUE vstr)
{
    rb_encoding *enc;
    int cp;
    int size = 0;
    LPWSTR pw;
    st_data_t data;
    enc = rb_enc_get(vstr);

    if (st_lookup(enc2cp_table, (st_data_t)enc, &data)) {
        cp = data;
    } else {
        cp = ole_encoding2cp(enc);
        if (code_page_installed(cp) ||
            cp == CP_ACP ||
            cp == CP_OEMCP ||
            cp == CP_MACCP ||
            cp == CP_THREAD_ACP ||
            cp == CP_SYMBOL ||
            cp == CP_UTF7 ||
            cp == CP_UTF8 ||
            cp == 51932) {
            st_insert(enc2cp_table, (st_data_t)enc, (st_data_t)cp);
        } else {
            rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "not installed Windows codepage(%d) according to `%s'", cp, rb_enc_name(enc));
        }
    }
    if (conv_51932(cp)) {
#ifndef pIMultiLanguage
        DWORD dw = 0;
        int len = RSTRING_LEN(vstr);
        HRESULT hr = pIMultiLanguage->lpVtbl->ConvertStringToUnicode(pIMultiLanguage,
                &dw, cp, RSTRING_PTR(vstr), &len, NULL, &size);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "fail to convert CP%d to Unicode", cp);
        }
        pw = SysAllocStringLen(NULL, size);
        len = RSTRING_LEN(vstr);
        hr = pIMultiLanguage->lpVtbl->ConvertStringToUnicode(pIMultiLanguage,
                &dw, cp, RSTRING_PTR(vstr), &len, pw, &size);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "fail to convert CP%d to Unicode", cp);
        }
#endif
        return pw;
    }
    size = MultiByteToWideChar(cp, 0, RSTRING_PTR(vstr), RSTRING_LEN(vstr), NULL, 0);
    pw = SysAllocStringLen(NULL, size);
    MultiByteToWideChar(cp, 0, RSTRING_PTR(vstr), RSTRING_LEN(vstr), pw, size);
    return pw;
}

static LPWSTR
ole_mb2wc(char *pm, int len)
{
    int size = 0;
    LPWSTR pw;

    if (conv_51932(cWIN32OLE_cp)) {
#ifndef pIMultiLanguage
        DWORD dw = 0;
        int n = len;
        HRESULT hr = pIMultiLanguage->lpVtbl->ConvertStringToUnicode(pIMultiLanguage,
                &dw, cWIN32OLE_cp, pm, &n, NULL, &size);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "fail to convert CP%d to Unicode", cWIN32OLE_cp);
        }
        pw = SysAllocStringLen(NULL, size);
        hr = pIMultiLanguage->lpVtbl->ConvertStringToUnicode(pIMultiLanguage,
                &dw, cWIN32OLE_cp, pm, &n, pw, &size);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "fail to convert CP%d to Unicode", cWIN32OLE_cp);
        }
#endif
        return pw;
    }
    size = MultiByteToWideChar(cWIN32OLE_cp, 0, pm, len, NULL, 0);
    pw = SysAllocStringLen(NULL, size - 1);
    MultiByteToWideChar(cWIN32OLE_cp, 0, pm, len, pw, size);
    return pw;
}

static VALUE
ole_wc2vstr(LPWSTR pw, BOOL isfree)
{
    char *p = ole_wc2mb(pw);
    VALUE vstr = rb_enc_str_new(p, strlen(p), cWIN32OLE_enc);
    if(isfree)
        SysFreeString(pw);
    free(p);
    return vstr;
}

static VALUE
ole_ary_m_entry(VALUE val, long *pid)
{
    VALUE obj = Qnil;
    int i = 0;
    obj = val;
    while(TYPE(obj) == T_ARRAY) {
        obj = rb_ary_entry(obj, pid[i]);
        i++;
    }
    return obj;
}

static void *
get_ptr_of_variant(VARIANT *pvar)
{
    switch(V_VT(pvar)) {
    case VT_UI1:
        return &V_UI1(pvar);
        break;
    case VT_I2:
        return &V_I2(pvar);
        break;
    case VT_UI2:
        return &V_UI2(pvar);
        break;
    case VT_I4:
        return &V_I4(pvar);
        break;
    case VT_UI4:
        return &V_UI4(pvar);
        break;
    case VT_R4:
        return &V_R4(pvar);
        break;
    case VT_R8:
        return &V_R8(pvar);
        break;
#if (_MSC_VER >= 1300) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
    case VT_I8:
        return &V_I8(pvar);
        break;
    case VT_UI8:
        return &V_UI8(pvar);
        break;
#endif
    case VT_INT:
        return &V_INT(pvar);
        break;
    case VT_UINT:
        return &V_UINT(pvar);
        break;
    case VT_CY:
        return &V_CY(pvar);
        break;
    case VT_DATE:
        return &V_DATE(pvar);
        break;
    case VT_BSTR:
        return V_BSTR(pvar);
        break;
    case VT_DISPATCH:
        return V_DISPATCH(pvar);
        break;
    case VT_ERROR:
        return &V_ERROR(pvar);
        break;
    case VT_BOOL:
        return &V_BOOL(pvar);
        break;
    case VT_UNKNOWN:
        return V_UNKNOWN(pvar);
        break;
    case VT_ARRAY:
        return &V_ARRAY(pvar);
        break;
    default:
        return NULL;
        break;
    }
}

static VALUE
is_all_index_under(long *pid, long *pub, long dim)
{
  long i = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
    if (pid[i] > pub[i]) {
      return Qfalse;
    }
  }
  return Qtrue;
}

static void
ole_set_safe_array(long n, SAFEARRAY *psa, long *pid, long *pub, VALUE val, long dim,  VARTYPE vt)
{
    VALUE val1;
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    VARIANT var;
    VOID *p = NULL;
    long i = n;
    while(i >= 0) {
        val1 = ole_ary_m_entry(val, pid);
        VariantInit(&var);
        p = val2variant_ptr(val1, &var, vt);
        if (is_all_index_under(pid, pub, dim) == Qtrue) {
            if ((V_VT(&var) == VT_DISPATCH && V_DISPATCH(&var) == NULL) ||
                (V_VT(&var) == VT_UNKNOWN && V_UNKNOWN(&var) == NULL)) {
                rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "element of array does not have IDispatch or IUnknown Interface");
            }
            hr = SafeArrayPutElement(psa, pid, p);
        }
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to SafeArrayPutElement");
        }
        pid[i] += 1;
        if (pid[i] > pub[i]) {
            pid[i] = 0;
            i -= 1;
        } else {
            i = dim - 1;
        }
    }
}

static long
dimension(VALUE val) {
    long dim = 0;
    long dim1 = 0;
    long len = 0;
    long i = 0;
    if (TYPE(val) == T_ARRAY) {
        len = RARRAY_LEN(val);
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            dim1 = dimension(rb_ary_entry(val, i));
            if (dim < dim1) {
                dim = dim1;
            }
        }
        dim += 1;
    }
    return dim;
}

static long
ary_len_of_dim(VALUE ary, long dim) {
    long ary_len = 0;
    long ary_len1 = 0;
    long len = 0;
    long i = 0;
    VALUE val;
    if (dim == 0) {
        if (TYPE(ary) == T_ARRAY) {
            ary_len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
        }
    } else {
        if (TYPE(ary) == T_ARRAY) {
            len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
            for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                val = rb_ary_entry(ary, i);
                ary_len1 = ary_len_of_dim(val, dim-1);
                if (ary_len < ary_len1) {
                    ary_len = ary_len1;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return ary_len;
}

static HRESULT
ole_val_ary2variant_ary(VALUE val, VARIANT *var, VARTYPE vt)
{
    long dim = 0;
    int  i = 0;
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    SAFEARRAYBOUND *psab = NULL;
    SAFEARRAY *psa = NULL;
    long      *pub, *pid;

    Check_Type(val, T_ARRAY);

    dim = dimension(val);

    psab = ALLOC_N(SAFEARRAYBOUND, dim);
    pub  = ALLOC_N(long, dim);
    pid  = ALLOC_N(long, dim);

    if(!psab || !pub || !pid) {
        if(pub) free(pub);
        if(psab) free(psab);
        if(pid) free(pid);
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "memory allocation error");
    }

    for (i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
        psab[i].cElements = ary_len_of_dim(val, i);
        psab[i].lLbound = 0;
        pub[i] = psab[i].cElements - 1;
        pid[i] = 0;
    }
    /* Create and fill VARIANT array */
    if ((vt & ~VT_BYREF) == VT_ARRAY) {
        vt = (vt | VT_VARIANT);
    }
    psa = SafeArrayCreate((VARTYPE)(vt & VT_TYPEMASK), dim, psab);
    if (psa == NULL)
        hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
    else
        hr = SafeArrayLock(psa);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
        ole_set_safe_array(dim-1, psa, pid, pub, val, dim, (VARTYPE)(vt & VT_TYPEMASK));
        hr = SafeArrayUnlock(psa);
    }

    if(pub) free(pub);
    if(psab) free(psab);
    if(pid) free(pid);

    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
        V_VT(var) = vt;
        V_ARRAY(var) = psa;
    }
    else {
        if (psa != NULL)
            SafeArrayDestroy(psa);
    }
    return hr;
}

static void
ole_val2variant(VALUE val, VARIANT *var)
{
    struct oledata *pole;
    struct olevariantdata *pvar;
    if(rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, cWIN32OLE)) {
        Data_Get_Struct(val, struct oledata, pole);
        OLE_ADDREF(pole->pDispatch);
        V_VT(var) = VT_DISPATCH;
        V_DISPATCH(var) = pole->pDispatch;
        return;
    }
    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, cWIN32OLE_VARIANT)) {
        Data_Get_Struct(val, struct olevariantdata, pvar);
        VariantCopy(var, &(pvar->var));
        return;
    }

    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, rb_cTime)) {
        V_VT(var) = VT_DATE;
        V_DATE(var) = rbtime2vtdate(val);
        return;
    }
    switch (TYPE(val)) {
    case T_ARRAY:
        ole_val_ary2variant_ary(val, var, VT_VARIANT|VT_ARRAY);
        break;
    case T_STRING:
        V_VT(var) = VT_BSTR;
        V_BSTR(var) = ole_vstr2wc(val);
        break;
    case T_FIXNUM:
        V_VT(var) = VT_I4;
        V_I4(var) = NUM2INT(val);
        break;
    case T_BIGNUM:
        V_VT(var) = VT_R8;
        V_R8(var) = rb_big2dbl(val);
        break;
    case T_FLOAT:
        V_VT(var) = VT_R8;
        V_R8(var) = NUM2DBL(val);
        break;
    case T_TRUE:
        V_VT(var) = VT_BOOL;
        V_BOOL(var) = VARIANT_TRUE;
        break;
    case T_FALSE:
        V_VT(var) = VT_BOOL;
        V_BOOL(var) = VARIANT_FALSE;
        break;
    case T_NIL:
        if (g_nil_to == VT_ERROR) {
            V_VT(var) = VT_ERROR;
            V_ERROR(var) = DISP_E_PARAMNOTFOUND;
        }else {
            V_VT(var) = VT_EMPTY;
        }
        break;
    default:
        V_VT(var) = VT_DISPATCH;
        V_DISPATCH(var) = val2dispatch(val);
        break;
    }
}

static void
ole_val2variant_ex(VALUE val, VARIANT *var, VARTYPE vt)
{
    if (val == Qnil) {
        if (vt == VT_VARIANT) {
            ole_val2variant2(val, var);
        } else {
            V_VT(var) = (vt & ~VT_BYREF);
            if (V_VT(var) == VT_DISPATCH) {
                V_DISPATCH(var) = NULL;
            } else if (V_VT(var) == VT_UNKNOWN) {
                V_UNKNOWN(var) = NULL;
            }
        }
        return;
    }
#if (_MSC_VER >= 1300) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
    switch(vt & ~VT_BYREF) {
    case VT_I8:
        V_VT(var) = VT_I8;
        V_I8(var) = NUM2I8 (val);
        break;
    case VT_UI8:
        V_VT(var) = VT_UI8;
        V_UI8(var) = NUM2UI8(val);
        break;
    default:
        ole_val2variant2(val, var);
        break;
    }
#else  /* (_MSC_VER >= 1300) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__) */
    ole_val2variant2(val, var);
#endif
}

static void
ole_val2ptr_variant(VALUE val, VARIANT *var)
{
    switch (TYPE(val)) {
    case T_STRING:
        if (V_VT(var) == (VT_BSTR | VT_BYREF)) {
            *V_BSTRREF(var) = ole_vstr2wc(val);
        }
        break;
    case T_FIXNUM:
        switch(V_VT(var)) {
        case (VT_UI1 | VT_BYREF) :
            *V_UI1REF(var) = NUM2CHR(val);
            break;
        case (VT_I2 | VT_BYREF) :
            *V_I2REF(var) = (short)NUM2INT(val);
            break;
        case (VT_I4 | VT_BYREF) :
            *V_I4REF(var) = NUM2INT(val);
            break;
        case (VT_R4 | VT_BYREF) :
            *V_R4REF(var) = (float)NUM2INT(val);
            break;
        case (VT_R8 | VT_BYREF) :
            *V_R8REF(var) = NUM2INT(val);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        break;
    case T_FLOAT:
        switch(V_VT(var)) {
        case (VT_I2 | VT_BYREF) :
            *V_I2REF(var) = (short)NUM2INT(val);
            break;
        case (VT_I4 | VT_BYREF) :
            *V_I4REF(var) = NUM2INT(val);
            break;
        case (VT_R4 | VT_BYREF) :
            *V_R4REF(var) = (float)NUM2DBL(val);
            break;
        case (VT_R8 | VT_BYREF) :
            *V_R8REF(var) = NUM2DBL(val);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
        break;
    case T_BIGNUM:
        if (V_VT(var) == (VT_R8 | VT_BYREF)) {
            *V_R8REF(var) = rb_big2dbl(val);
        }
        break;
    case T_TRUE:
        if (V_VT(var) == (VT_BOOL | VT_BYREF)) {
            *V_BOOLREF(var) = VARIANT_TRUE;
        }
        break;
    case T_FALSE:
        if (V_VT(var) == (VT_BOOL | VT_BYREF)) {
            *V_BOOLREF(var) = VARIANT_FALSE;
        }
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
}

static void
ole_set_byref(VARIANT *realvar, VARIANT *var,  VARTYPE vt)
{
    V_VT(var) = vt;
    if (vt == (VT_VARIANT|VT_BYREF)) {
        V_VARIANTREF(var) = realvar;
    } else {
        if (V_VT(realvar) != (vt & ~VT_BYREF)) {
            rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "variant type mismatch");
        }
        switch(vt & ~VT_BYREF) {
        case VT_I1:
            V_I1REF(var) = &V_I1(realvar);
            break;
        case VT_UI1:
            V_UI1REF(var) = &V_UI1(realvar);
            break;
        case VT_I2:
            V_I2REF(var) = &V_I2(realvar);
            break;
        case VT_UI2:
            V_UI2REF(var) = &V_UI2(realvar);
            break;
        case VT_I4:
            V_I4REF(var) = &V_I4(realvar);
            break;
        case VT_UI4:
            V_UI4REF(var) = &V_UI4(realvar);
            break;
        case VT_R4:
            V_R4REF(var) = &V_R4(realvar);
            break;
        case VT_R8:
            V_R8REF(var) = &V_R8(realvar);
            break;

#if (_MSC_VER >= 1300)
        case VT_I8:
            V_I8REF(var) = &V_I8(realvar);
            break;
        case VT_UI8:
            V_UI8REF(var) = &V_UI8(realvar);
            break;
#endif
        case VT_INT:
            V_INTREF(var) = &V_INT(realvar);
            break;

        case VT_UINT:
            V_UINTREF(var) = &V_UINT(realvar);
            break;

        case VT_CY:
            V_CYREF(var) = &V_CY(realvar);
            break;
        case VT_DATE:
            V_DATEREF(var) = &V_DATE(realvar);
            break;
        case VT_BSTR:
            V_BSTRREF(var) = &V_BSTR(realvar);
            break;
        case VT_DISPATCH:
            V_DISPATCHREF(var) = &V_DISPATCH(realvar);
            break;
        case VT_ERROR:
            V_ERRORREF(var) = &V_ERROR(realvar);
            break;
        case VT_BOOL:
            V_BOOLREF(var) = &V_BOOL(realvar);
            break;
        case VT_UNKNOWN:
            V_UNKNOWNREF(var) = &V_UNKNOWN(realvar);
            break;
        case VT_ARRAY:
            V_ARRAYREF(var) = &V_ARRAY(realvar);
            break;
        default:
            rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "unknown type specified(setting BYREF):%d", vt);
            break;
        }
    }
}

static void
ole_val2olevariantdata(VALUE val, VARTYPE vt, struct olevariantdata *pvar)
{
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    if (((vt & ~VT_BYREF) ==  (VT_ARRAY | VT_UI1)) && TYPE(val) == T_STRING) {
        long len = RSTRING_LEN(val);
        void *pdest = NULL;
        SAFEARRAY *p = NULL;
        SAFEARRAY *psa = SafeArrayCreateVector(VT_UI1, 0, len);
        if (!psa) {
            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "fail to SafeArrayCreateVector");
        }
        hr = SafeArrayAccessData(psa, &pdest);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
            memcpy(pdest, RSTRING_PTR(val), len);
            SafeArrayUnaccessData(psa);
            V_VT(&(pvar->realvar)) = (vt & ~VT_BYREF);
            p = V_ARRAY(&(pvar->realvar));
            if (p != NULL) {
                SafeArrayDestroy(p);
            }
            V_ARRAY(&(pvar->realvar)) = psa;
            if (vt & VT_BYREF) {
                V_VT(&(pvar->var)) = vt;
                V_ARRAYREF(&(pvar->var)) = &(V_ARRAY(&(pvar->realvar)));
            } else {
                hr = VariantCopy(&(pvar->var), &(pvar->realvar));
            }
        } else {
            if (psa)
                SafeArrayDestroy(psa);
        }
    } else if (vt & VT_ARRAY) {
        if (val == Qnil) {
            V_VT(&(pvar->var)) = vt;
            if (vt & VT_BYREF) {
                V_ARRAYREF(&(pvar->var)) = &(V_ARRAY(&(pvar->realvar)));
            }
        } else {
            hr = ole_val_ary2variant_ary(val, &(pvar->realvar), (VARTYPE)(vt & ~VT_BYREF));
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                if (vt & VT_BYREF) {
                    V_VT(&(pvar->var)) = vt;
                    V_ARRAYREF(&(pvar->var)) = &(V_ARRAY(&(pvar->realvar)));
                } else {
                    hr = VariantCopy(&(pvar->var), &(pvar->realvar));
                }
            }
        }
#if (_MSC_VER >= 1300) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
    } else if ( (vt & ~VT_BYREF) == VT_I8 || (vt & ~VT_BYREF) == VT_UI8) {
        ole_val2variant_ex(val, &(pvar->realvar), (vt & ~VT_BYREF));
        ole_val2variant_ex(val, &(pvar->var), (vt & ~VT_BYREF));
        V_VT(&(pvar->var)) = vt;
        if (vt & VT_BYREF) {
            ole_set_byref(&(pvar->realvar), &(pvar->var), vt);
        }
#endif
    } else {
        if (val == Qnil) {
            V_VT(&(pvar->var)) = vt;
            if (vt == (VT_BYREF | VT_VARIANT)) {
                ole_set_byref(&(pvar->realvar), &(pvar->var), vt);
            } else {
                V_VT(&(pvar->realvar)) = vt & ~VT_BYREF;
                if (vt & VT_BYREF) {
                    ole_set_byref(&(pvar->realvar), &(pvar->var), vt);
                }
            }
        } else {
            ole_val2variant_ex(val, &(pvar->realvar), (VARTYPE)(vt & ~VT_BYREF));
            if (vt == (VT_BYREF | VT_VARIANT)) {
                ole_set_byref(&(pvar->realvar), &(pvar->var), vt);
            } else if (vt & VT_BYREF) {
                if ( (vt & ~VT_BYREF) != V_VT(&(pvar->realvar))) {
                    hr = VariantChangeTypeEx(&(pvar->realvar), &(pvar->realvar),
                            cWIN32OLE_lcid, 0, (VARTYPE)(vt & ~VT_BYREF));
                }
                if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                    ole_set_byref(&(pvar->realvar), &(pvar->var), vt);
                }
            } else {
                if (vt == V_VT(&(pvar->realvar))) {
                    hr = VariantCopy(&(pvar->var), &(pvar->realvar));
                } else {
                    hr = VariantChangeTypeEx(&(pvar->var), &(pvar->realvar),
                            cWIN32OLE_lcid, 0, vt);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to change type");
    }
}

static void
ole_val2variant2(VALUE val, VARIANT *var)
{
    g_nil_to = VT_EMPTY;
    ole_val2variant(val, var);
    g_nil_to = VT_ERROR;
}

static VALUE
make_inspect(const char *class_name, VALUE detail)
{
    VALUE str;
    str = rb_str_new2("#<");
    rb_str_cat2(str, class_name);
    rb_str_cat2(str, ":");
    rb_str_concat(str, detail);
    rb_str_cat2(str, ">");
    return str;
}

static VALUE
default_inspect(VALUE self, const char *class_name)
{
    VALUE detail = rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("to_s"), 0);
    return make_inspect(class_name, detail);
}

static VALUE
ole_set_member(VALUE self, IDispatch *dispatch)
{
    struct oledata *pole;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oledata, pole);
    if (pole->pDispatch) {
        OLE_RELEASE(pole->pDispatch);
        pole->pDispatch = NULL;
    }
    pole->pDispatch = dispatch;
    return self;
}


static VALUE
fole_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
{
    struct oledata *pole;
    VALUE obj;
    ole_initialize();
    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass,struct oledata,0,ole_free,pole);
    pole->pDispatch = NULL;
    return obj;
}

static VALUE
create_win32ole_object(VALUE klass, IDispatch *pDispatch, int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE obj = fole_s_allocate(klass);
    ole_set_member(obj, pDispatch);
    return obj;
}

static VALUE
ary_new_dim(VALUE myary, long *pid, long *plb, long dim) {
    long i;
    VALUE obj = Qnil;
    VALUE pobj = Qnil;
    long *ids = ALLOC_N(long, dim);
    if (!ids) {
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "memory allocation error");
    }
    for(i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
        ids[i] = pid[i] - plb[i];
    }
    obj = myary;
    pobj = myary;
    for(i = 0; i < dim-1; i++) {
        obj = rb_ary_entry(pobj, ids[i]);
        if (obj == Qnil) {
            rb_ary_store(pobj, ids[i], rb_ary_new());
        }
        obj = rb_ary_entry(pobj, ids[i]);
        pobj = obj;
    }
    if (ids) free(ids);
    return obj;
}

static void
ary_store_dim(VALUE myary, long *pid, long *plb, long dim, VALUE val) {
    long id = pid[dim - 1] - plb[dim - 1];
    VALUE obj = ary_new_dim(myary, pid, plb, dim);
    rb_ary_store(obj, id, val);
}

static VALUE
ole_variant2val(VARIANT *pvar)
{
    VALUE obj = Qnil;
    HRESULT hr;
    while ( V_VT(pvar) == (VT_BYREF | VT_VARIANT) )
        pvar = V_VARIANTREF(pvar);

    if(V_ISARRAY(pvar)) {
        SAFEARRAY *psa = V_ISBYREF(pvar) ? *V_ARRAYREF(pvar) : V_ARRAY(pvar);
        UINT i = 0;
        long *pid, *plb, *pub;
        VARIANT variant;
        VALUE val;
        UINT dim = 0;
        if (!psa) {
            return obj;
        }
        dim = SafeArrayGetDim(psa);
        VariantInit(&variant);
        V_VT(&variant) = (V_VT(pvar) & ~VT_ARRAY) | VT_BYREF;

        pid = ALLOC_N(long, dim);
        plb = ALLOC_N(long, dim);
        pub = ALLOC_N(long, dim);

        if(!pid || !plb || !pub) {
            if(pid) free(pid);
            if(plb) free(plb);
            if(pub) free(pub);
            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "memory allocation error");
        }

        for(i = 0; i < dim; ++i) {
            SafeArrayGetLBound(psa, i+1, &plb[i]);
            SafeArrayGetLBound(psa, i+1, &pid[i]);
            SafeArrayGetUBound(psa, i+1, &pub[i]);
        }
        hr = SafeArrayLock(psa);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
            obj = rb_ary_new();
            i = 0;
            while (i < dim) {
                ary_new_dim(obj, pid, plb, dim);
                hr = SafeArrayPtrOfIndex(psa, pid, &V_BYREF(&variant));
                if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                    val = ole_variant2val(&variant);
                    ary_store_dim(obj, pid, plb, dim, val);
                }
                for (i = 0; i < dim; ++i) {
                    if (++pid[i] <= pub[i])
                        break;
                    pid[i] = plb[i];
                }
            }
            SafeArrayUnlock(psa);
        }
        if(pid) free(pid);
        if(plb) free(plb);
        if(pub) free(pub);
        return obj;
    }
    switch(V_VT(pvar) & ~VT_BYREF){
    case VT_EMPTY:
        break;
    case VT_NULL:
        break;
    case VT_I1:
        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
            obj = INT2NUM((long)*V_I1REF(pvar));
        else
            obj = INT2NUM((long)V_I1(pvar));
        break;

    case VT_UI1:
        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
            obj = INT2NUM((long)*V_UI1REF(pvar));
        else
            obj = INT2NUM((long)V_UI1(pvar));
        break;

    case VT_I2:
        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
            obj = INT2NUM((long)*V_I2REF(pvar));
        else
            obj = INT2NUM((long)V_I2(pvar));
        break;

    case VT_UI2:
        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
            obj = INT2NUM((long)*V_UI2REF(pvar));
        else
            obj = INT2NUM((long)V_UI2(pvar));
        break;

    case VT_I4:
        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
            obj = INT2NUM((long)*V_I4REF(pvar));
        else
            obj = INT2NUM((long)V_I4(pvar));
        break;

    case VT_UI4:
        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
            obj = INT2NUM((long)*V_UI4REF(pvar));
        else
            obj = INT2NUM((long)V_UI4(pvar));
        break;

    case VT_INT:
        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
            obj = INT2NUM((long)*V_INTREF(pvar));
        else
            obj = INT2NUM((long)V_INT(pvar));
        break;

    case VT_UINT:
        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
            obj = INT2NUM((long)*V_UINTREF(pvar));
        else
            obj = INT2NUM((long)V_UINT(pvar));
        break;

#if (_MSC_VER >= 1300) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
    case VT_I8:
        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
#if (_MSC_VER >= 1300)
            obj = I8_2_NUM(*V_I8REF(pvar));
#else
            obj = Qnil;
#endif
        else
            obj = I8_2_NUM(V_I8(pvar));
        break;
    case VT_UI8:
        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
#if (_MSC_VER >= 1300)
            obj = UI8_2_NUM(*V_UI8REF(pvar));
#else
            obj = Qnil;
#endif
        else
            obj = UI8_2_NUM(V_UI8(pvar));
        break;
#endif  /* (_MSC_VER >= 1300) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__) */

    case VT_R4:
        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
            obj = rb_float_new(*V_R4REF(pvar));
        else
            obj = rb_float_new(V_R4(pvar));
        break;

    case VT_R8:
        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
            obj = rb_float_new(*V_R8REF(pvar));
        else
            obj = rb_float_new(V_R8(pvar));
        break;

    case VT_BSTR:
    {
        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
            obj = ole_wc2vstr(*V_BSTRREF(pvar), FALSE);
        else
            obj = ole_wc2vstr(V_BSTR(pvar), FALSE);
        break;
    }

    case VT_ERROR:
        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
            obj = INT2NUM(*V_ERRORREF(pvar));
        else
            obj = INT2NUM(V_ERROR(pvar));
        break;

    case VT_BOOL:
        if (V_ISBYREF(pvar))
            obj = (*V_BOOLREF(pvar) ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
        else
            obj = (V_BOOL(pvar) ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
        break;

    case VT_DISPATCH:
    {
        IDispatch *pDispatch;

        if (V_ISBYREF(pvar))
            pDispatch = *V_DISPATCHREF(pvar);
        else
            pDispatch = V_DISPATCH(pvar);

        if (pDispatch != NULL ) {
            OLE_ADDREF(pDispatch);
            obj = create_win32ole_object(cWIN32OLE, pDispatch, 0, 0);
        }
        break;
    }

    case VT_UNKNOWN:
    {
        /* get IDispatch interface from IUnknown interface */
        IUnknown *punk;
        IDispatch *pDispatch;
        void *p;
        HRESULT hr;

        if (V_ISBYREF(pvar))
            punk = *V_UNKNOWNREF(pvar);
        else
            punk = V_UNKNOWN(pvar);

        if(punk != NULL) {
           hr = punk->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(punk, &IID_IDispatch, &p);
           if(SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
               pDispatch = p;
               obj = create_win32ole_object(cWIN32OLE, pDispatch, 0, 0);
           }
        }
        break;
    }

    case VT_DATE:
    {
        DATE date;
        if(V_ISBYREF(pvar))
            date = *V_DATEREF(pvar);
        else
            date = V_DATE(pvar);

        obj =  vtdate2rbtime(date);
        break;
    }
    case VT_CY:
    default:
        {
        HRESULT hr;
        VARIANT variant;
        VariantInit(&variant);
        hr = VariantChangeTypeEx(&variant, pvar,
                                  cWIN32OLE_lcid, 0, VT_BSTR);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && V_VT(&variant) == VT_BSTR) {
            obj = ole_wc2vstr(V_BSTR(&variant), FALSE);
        }
        VariantClear(&variant);
        break;
        }
    }
    return obj;
}

static LONG
reg_open_key(HKEY hkey, const char *name, HKEY *phkey)
{
    return RegOpenKeyEx(hkey, name, 0, KEY_READ, phkey);
}

static LONG
reg_open_vkey(HKEY hkey, VALUE key, HKEY *phkey)
{
    return reg_open_key(hkey, StringValuePtr(key), phkey);
}

static VALUE
reg_enum_key(HKEY hkey, DWORD i)
{
    char buf[BUFSIZ + 1];
    DWORD size_buf = sizeof(buf);
    FILETIME ft;
    LONG err = RegEnumKeyEx(hkey, i, buf, &size_buf,
                            NULL, NULL, NULL, &ft);
    if(err == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        buf[BUFSIZ] = '\0';
        return rb_str_new2(buf);
    }
    return Qnil;
}

static VALUE
reg_get_val(HKEY hkey, const char *subkey)
{
    char *pbuf;
    DWORD dwtype = 0;
    LONG size = 0;
    VALUE val = Qnil;
    LONG err = RegQueryValueEx(hkey, subkey, NULL, &dwtype, NULL, &size);

    if (err == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        pbuf = ALLOC_N(char, size + 1);
        err = RegQueryValueEx(hkey, subkey, NULL, &dwtype, pbuf, &size);
        if (err == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
            pbuf[size] = '\0';
            if (dwtype == REG_EXPAND_SZ) {
                 char* pbuf2 = pbuf;
                 DWORD len = ExpandEnvironmentStrings(pbuf2, NULL, 0);
                 pbuf = ALLOC_N(char, len + 1);
                 ExpandEnvironmentStrings(pbuf2, pbuf, len + 1);
                 free(pbuf2);
            }
            val = rb_str_new2(pbuf);
        }
        free(pbuf);
    }
    return val;
}

static VALUE
reg_get_val2(HKEY hkey, const char *subkey)
{
    HKEY hsubkey;
    LONG err;
    VALUE val = Qnil;
    err = RegOpenKeyEx(hkey, subkey, 0, KEY_READ, &hsubkey);
    if (err == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        val = reg_get_val(hsubkey, NULL);
        RegCloseKey(hsubkey);
    }
    if (val == Qnil) {
        val = reg_get_val(hkey, subkey);
    }
    return val;
}

static VALUE
reg_get_typelib_file_path(HKEY hkey)
{
    VALUE path = Qnil;
    path = reg_get_val2(hkey, "win64");
    if (path != Qnil) {
        return path;
    }
    path = reg_get_val2(hkey, "win32");
    if (path != Qnil) {
        return path;
    }
    path = reg_get_val2(hkey, "win16");
    return path;
}

static VALUE
typelib_file_from_clsid(VALUE ole)
{
    HKEY hroot, hclsid;
    LONG err;
    VALUE typelib;
    char path[MAX_PATH + 1];

    err = reg_open_key(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, "CLSID", &hroot);
    if (err != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        return Qnil;
    }
    err = reg_open_key(hroot, StringValuePtr(ole), &hclsid);
    if (err != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        RegCloseKey(hroot);
        return Qnil;
    }
    typelib = reg_get_val2(hclsid, "InprocServer32");
    RegCloseKey(hroot);
    RegCloseKey(hclsid);
    if (typelib != Qnil) {
        ExpandEnvironmentStrings(StringValuePtr(typelib), path, sizeof(path));
        path[MAX_PATH] = '\0';
        typelib = rb_str_new2(path);
    }
    return typelib;
}

static VALUE
typelib_file_from_typelib(VALUE ole)
{
    HKEY htypelib, hclsid, hversion, hlang;
    double fver;
    DWORD i, j, k;
    LONG err;
    BOOL found = FALSE;
    VALUE typelib;
    VALUE file = Qnil;
    VALUE clsid;
    VALUE ver;
    VALUE lang;

    err = reg_open_key(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, "TypeLib", &htypelib);
    if(err != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        return Qnil;
    }
    for(i = 0; !found; i++) {
        clsid = reg_enum_key(htypelib, i);
        if (clsid == Qnil)
            break;
        err = reg_open_vkey(htypelib, clsid, &hclsid);
        if (err != ERROR_SUCCESS)
            continue;
        fver = 0;
        for(j = 0; !found; j++) {
            ver = reg_enum_key(hclsid, j);
            if (ver == Qnil)
                break;
            err = reg_open_vkey(hclsid, ver, &hversion);
                        if (err != ERROR_SUCCESS || fver > atof(StringValuePtr(ver)))
                continue;
            fver = atof(StringValuePtr(ver));
            typelib = reg_get_val(hversion, NULL);
            if (typelib == Qnil)
                continue;
            if (rb_str_cmp(typelib, ole) == 0) {
                for(k = 0; !found; k++) {
                    lang = reg_enum_key(hversion, k);
                    if (lang == Qnil)
                        break;
                    err = reg_open_vkey(hversion, lang, &hlang);
                    if (err == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
                        if ((file = reg_get_typelib_file_path(hlang)) != Qnil)
                            found = TRUE;
                        RegCloseKey(hlang);
                    }
                }
            }
            RegCloseKey(hversion);
        }
        RegCloseKey(hclsid);
    }
    RegCloseKey(htypelib);
    return  file;
}

static VALUE
typelib_file(VALUE ole)
{
    VALUE file = typelib_file_from_clsid(ole);
    if (file != Qnil) {
        return file;
    }
    return typelib_file_from_typelib(ole);
}

static void
ole_const_load(ITypeLib *pTypeLib, VALUE klass, VALUE self)
{
    unsigned int count;
    unsigned int index;
    int iVar;
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
    TYPEATTR  *pTypeAttr;
    VARDESC   *pVarDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    unsigned int len;
    BSTR bstr;
    char *pName = NULL;
    VALUE val;
    VALUE constant;
    ID id;
    constant = rb_hash_new();
    count = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfoCount(pTypeLib);
    for (index = 0; index < count; index++) {
        hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo(pTypeLib, index, &pTypeInfo);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            continue;
        hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
        if(FAILED(hr)) {
            OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
            continue;
        }
        for(iVar = 0; iVar < pTypeAttr->cVars; iVar++) {
            hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetVarDesc(pTypeInfo, iVar, &pVarDesc);
            if(FAILED(hr))
                continue;
            if(pVarDesc->varkind == VAR_CONST &&
               !(pVarDesc->wVarFlags & (VARFLAG_FHIDDEN |
                                        VARFLAG_FRESTRICTED |
                                        VARFLAG_FNONBROWSABLE))) {
                hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetNames(pTypeInfo, pVarDesc->memid, &bstr,
                                                 1, &len);
                if(FAILED(hr) || len == 0 || !bstr)
                    continue;
                pName = ole_wc2mb(bstr);
                val = ole_variant2val(V_UNION1(pVarDesc, lpvarValue));
                *pName = toupper((int)*pName);
                id = rb_intern(pName);
                if (rb_is_const_id(id)) {
                    rb_define_const(klass, pName, val);
                }
                else {
                    rb_hash_aset(constant, rb_str_new2(pName), val);
                }
                SysFreeString(bstr);
                if(pName) {
                    free(pName);
                    pName = NULL;
                }
            }
            pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseVarDesc(pTypeInfo, pVarDesc);
        }
        pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseTypeAttr(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
    }
    rb_define_const(klass, "CONSTANTS", constant);
}

static HRESULT
clsid_from_remote(VALUE host, VALUE com, CLSID *pclsid)
{
    HKEY hlm;
    HKEY hpid;
    VALUE subkey;
    LONG err;
    char clsid[100];
    OLECHAR *pbuf;
    DWORD len;
    DWORD dwtype;
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    err = RegConnectRegistry(StringValuePtr(host), HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, &hlm);
    if (err != ERROR_SUCCESS)
        return HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(err);
    subkey = rb_str_new2("SOFTWARE\\Classes\\");
    rb_str_concat(subkey, com);
    rb_str_cat2(subkey, "\\CLSID");
    err = RegOpenKeyEx(hlm, StringValuePtr(subkey), 0, KEY_READ, &hpid);
    if (err != ERROR_SUCCESS)
        hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(err);
    else {
        len = sizeof(clsid);
        err = RegQueryValueEx(hpid, (LPBYTE)"", NULL, &dwtype, clsid, &len);
        if (err == ERROR_SUCCESS && dwtype == REG_SZ) {
            pbuf  = ole_mb2wc(clsid, -1);
            hr = CLSIDFromString(pbuf, pclsid);
            SysFreeString(pbuf);
        }
        else {
            hr = HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(err);
        }
        RegCloseKey(hpid);
    }
    RegCloseKey(hlm);
    return hr;
}

static VALUE
ole_create_dcom(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE ole, host, others;
    HRESULT hr;
    CLSID   clsid;
    OLECHAR *pbuf;

    COSERVERINFO serverinfo;
    MULTI_QI multi_qi;
    DWORD clsctx = CLSCTX_REMOTE_SERVER;

    if (!gole32)
        gole32 = LoadLibrary("OLE32");
    if (!gole32)
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to load OLE32");
    if (!gCoCreateInstanceEx)
        gCoCreateInstanceEx = (FNCOCREATEINSTANCEEX*)
            GetProcAddress(gole32, "CoCreateInstanceEx");
    if (!gCoCreateInstanceEx)
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "CoCreateInstanceEx is not supported in this environment");
    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "2*", &ole, &host, &others);

    pbuf  = ole_vstr2wc(ole);
    hr = CLSIDFromProgID(pbuf, &clsid);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        hr = clsid_from_remote(host, ole, &clsid);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        hr = CLSIDFromString(pbuf, &clsid);
    SysFreeString(pbuf);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
                  "unknown OLE server: `%s'",
                  StringValuePtr(ole));
    memset(&serverinfo, 0, sizeof(COSERVERINFO));
    serverinfo.pwszName = ole_vstr2wc(host);
    memset(&multi_qi, 0, sizeof(MULTI_QI));
    multi_qi.pIID = &IID_IDispatch;
    hr = gCoCreateInstanceEx(&clsid, NULL, clsctx, &serverinfo, 1, &multi_qi);
    SysFreeString(serverinfo.pwszName);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
                  "failed to create DCOM server `%s' in `%s'",
                  StringValuePtr(ole),
                  StringValuePtr(host));

    ole_set_member(self, (IDispatch*)multi_qi.pItf);
    return self;
}

static VALUE
ole_bind_obj(VALUE moniker, int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    IBindCtx *pBindCtx;
    IMoniker *pMoniker;
    IDispatch *pDispatch;
    void *p;
    HRESULT hr;
    OLECHAR *pbuf;
    ULONG eaten = 0;

    ole_initialize();

    hr = CreateBindCtx(0, &pBindCtx);
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
                  "failed to create bind context");
    }

    pbuf  = ole_vstr2wc(moniker);
    hr = MkParseDisplayName(pBindCtx, pbuf, &eaten, &pMoniker);
    SysFreeString(pbuf);
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        OLE_RELEASE(pBindCtx);
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
                  "failed to parse display name of moniker `%s'",
                  StringValuePtr(moniker));
    }
    hr = pMoniker->lpVtbl->BindToObject(pMoniker, pBindCtx, NULL,
                                        &IID_IDispatch, &p);
    pDispatch = p;
    OLE_RELEASE(pMoniker);
    OLE_RELEASE(pBindCtx);

    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
                  "failed to bind moniker `%s'",
                  StringValuePtr(moniker));
    }
    return create_win32ole_object(self, pDispatch, argc, argv);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE.connect( ole ) --> aWIN32OLE
 *
 *  Returns running OLE Automation object or WIN32OLE object from moniker.
 *  1st argument should be OLE program id or class id or moniker.
 *
 *     WIN32OLE.connect('Excel.Application') # => WIN32OLE object which represents running Excel.
 */
static VALUE
fole_s_connect(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE svr_name;
    VALUE others;
    HRESULT hr;
    CLSID   clsid;
    OLECHAR *pBuf;
    IDispatch *pDispatch;
    void *p;
    IUnknown *pUnknown;

    rb_secure(4);
    /* initialize to use OLE */
    ole_initialize();

    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1*", &svr_name, &others);
    SafeStringValue(svr_name);
    if (rb_safe_level() > 0 && OBJ_TAINTED(svr_name)) {
        rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure Object Connection - %s",
                 StringValuePtr(svr_name));
    }

    /* get CLSID from OLE server name */
    pBuf = ole_vstr2wc(svr_name);
    hr = CLSIDFromProgID(pBuf, &clsid);
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        hr = CLSIDFromString(pBuf, &clsid);
    }
    SysFreeString(pBuf);
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        return ole_bind_obj(svr_name, argc, argv, self);
    }

    hr = GetActiveObject(&clsid, 0, &pUnknown);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
                  "OLE server `%s' not running", StringValuePtr(svr_name));
    }
    hr = pUnknown->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pUnknown, &IID_IDispatch, &p);
    pDispatch = p;
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        OLE_RELEASE(pUnknown);
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
                  "failed to create WIN32OLE server `%s'",
                  StringValuePtr(svr_name));
    }

    OLE_RELEASE(pUnknown);

    return create_win32ole_object(self, pDispatch, argc, argv);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE.const_load( ole, mod = WIN32OLE)
 *
 *  Defines the constants of OLE Automation server as mod's constants.
 *  The first argument is WIN32OLE object or type library name.
 *  If 2nd argument is omitted, the default is WIN32OLE.
 *  The first letter of Ruby's constant variable name is upper case,
 *  so constant variable name of WIN32OLE object is capitalized.
 *  For example, the 'xlTop' constant of Excel is changed to 'XlTop'
 *  in WIN32OLE.
 *  If the first letter of constant variabl is not [A-Z], then
 *  the constant is defined as CONSTANTS hash element.
 *
 *     module EXCEL_CONST
 *     end
 *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *     WIN32OLE.const_load(excel, EXCEL_CONST)
 *     puts EXCEL_CONST::XlTop # => -4160
 *     puts EXCEL_CONST::CONSTANTS['_xlDialogChartSourceData'] # => 541
 *
 *     WIN32OLE.const_load(excel)
 *     puts WIN32OLE::XlTop # => -4160
 *
 *     module MSO
 *     end
 *     WIN32OLE.const_load('Microsoft Office 9.0 Object Library', MSO)
 *     puts MSO::MsoLineSingle # => 1
 */
static VALUE
fole_s_const_load(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE ole;
    VALUE klass;
    struct oledata *pole;
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;
    unsigned int index;
    HRESULT hr;
    OLECHAR *pBuf;
    VALUE file;
    LCID    lcid = cWIN32OLE_lcid;

    rb_secure(4);
    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &ole, &klass);
    if (TYPE(klass) != T_CLASS &&
        TYPE(klass) != T_MODULE &&
        TYPE(klass) != T_NIL) {
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "2nd parameter must be Class or Module");
    }
    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(ole, cWIN32OLE)) {
        OLEData_Get_Struct(ole, pole);
        hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo(pole->pDispatch,
                                                  0, lcid, &pTypeInfo);
        if(FAILED(hr)) {
            ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to GetTypeInfo");
        }
        hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetContainingTypeLib(pTypeInfo, &pTypeLib, &index);
        if(FAILED(hr)) {
            OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
            ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to GetContainingTypeLib");
        }
        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
        if(TYPE(klass) != T_NIL) {
            ole_const_load(pTypeLib, klass, self);
        }
        else {
            ole_const_load(pTypeLib, cWIN32OLE, self);
        }
        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeLib);
    }
    else if(TYPE(ole) == T_STRING) {
        file = typelib_file(ole);
        if (file == Qnil) {
            file = ole;
        }
        pBuf = ole_vstr2wc(file);
        hr = LoadTypeLibEx(pBuf, REGKIND_NONE, &pTypeLib);
        SysFreeString(pBuf);
        if (FAILED(hr))
          ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to LoadTypeLibEx");
        if(TYPE(klass) != T_NIL) {
            ole_const_load(pTypeLib, klass, self);
        }
        else {
            ole_const_load(pTypeLib, cWIN32OLE, self);
        }
        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeLib);
    }
    else {
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "1st parameter must be WIN32OLE instance");
    }
    return Qnil;
}

static VALUE
ole_types_from_typelib(ITypeLib *pTypeLib, VALUE classes)
{

    long count;
    int i;
    HRESULT hr;
    BSTR bstr;
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
    VALUE type;

    rb_secure(4);
    count = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfoCount(pTypeLib);
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetDocumentation(pTypeLib, i,
                                                &bstr, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            continue;

        hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo(pTypeLib, i, &pTypeInfo);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            continue;

        type = foletype_s_allocate(cWIN32OLE_TYPE);
        oletype_set_member(type, pTypeInfo, WC2VSTR(bstr));

        rb_ary_push(classes, type);
        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
    }
    return classes;
}

static ULONG
reference_count(struct oledata * pole)
{
    ULONG n = 0;
    if(pole->pDispatch) {
        OLE_ADDREF(pole->pDispatch);
        n = OLE_RELEASE(pole->pDispatch);
    }
    return n;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE.ole_reference_count(aWIN32OLE) --> number
 *
 *  Returns reference counter of Dispatch interface of WIN32OLE object.
 *  You should not use this method because this method
 *  exists only for debugging WIN32OLE.
 */
static VALUE
fole_s_reference_count(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
{
    struct oledata * pole;
    OLEData_Get_Struct(obj, pole);
    return INT2NUM(reference_count(pole));
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE.ole_free(aWIN32OLE) --> number
 *
 *  Invokes Release method of Dispatch interface of WIN32OLE object.
 *  You should not use this method because this method
 *  exists only for debugging WIN32OLE.
 *  The return value is reference counter of OLE object.
 */
static VALUE
fole_s_free(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
{
    ULONG n = 0;
    struct oledata * pole;
    OLEData_Get_Struct(obj, pole);
    if(pole->pDispatch) {
        if (reference_count(pole) > 0) {
            n = OLE_RELEASE(pole->pDispatch);
        }
    }
    return INT2NUM(n);
}

static HWND
ole_show_help(VALUE helpfile, VALUE helpcontext)
{
    FNHTMLHELP *pfnHtmlHelp;
    HWND hwnd = 0;

    if(!ghhctrl)
        ghhctrl = LoadLibrary("HHCTRL.OCX");
    if (!ghhctrl)
        return hwnd;
    pfnHtmlHelp = (FNHTMLHELP*)GetProcAddress(ghhctrl, "HtmlHelpA");
    if (!pfnHtmlHelp)
        return hwnd;
    hwnd = pfnHtmlHelp(GetDesktopWindow(), StringValuePtr(helpfile),
                    0x0f, NUM2INT(helpcontext));
    if (hwnd == 0)
        hwnd = pfnHtmlHelp(GetDesktopWindow(), StringValuePtr(helpfile),
                 0,  NUM2INT(helpcontext));
    return hwnd;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE.ole_show_help(obj [,helpcontext])
 *
 *  Displays helpfile. The 1st argument specifies WIN32OLE_TYPE
 *  object or WIN32OLE_METHOD object or helpfile.
 *
 *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *     typeobj = excel.ole_type
 *     WIN32OLE.ole_show_help(typeobj)
 */
static VALUE
fole_s_show_help(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE target;
    VALUE helpcontext;
    VALUE helpfile;
    VALUE name;
    HWND  hwnd;
    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &target, &helpcontext);
    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(target, cWIN32OLE_TYPE) ||
        rb_obj_is_kind_of(target, cWIN32OLE_METHOD)) {
        helpfile = rb_funcall(target, rb_intern("helpfile"), 0);
        if(strlen(StringValuePtr(helpfile)) == 0) {
            name = rb_ivar_get(target, rb_intern("name"));
            rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "no helpfile of `%s'",
                     StringValuePtr(name));
        }
        helpcontext = rb_funcall(target, rb_intern("helpcontext"), 0);
    } else {
        helpfile = target;
    }
    if (TYPE(helpfile) != T_STRING) {
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "1st parameter must be (String|WIN32OLE_TYPE|WIN32OLE_METHOD)");
    }
    hwnd = ole_show_help(helpfile, helpcontext);
    if(hwnd == 0) {
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to open help file `%s'",
                 StringValuePtr(helpfile));
    }
    return Qnil;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE.codepage
 *
 *  Returns current codepage.
 *     WIN32OLE.codepage # => WIN32OLE::CP_ACP
 */
static VALUE
fole_s_get_code_page(VALUE self)
{
    return INT2FIX(cWIN32OLE_cp);
}

static BOOL CALLBACK
installed_code_page_proc(LPTSTR str) {
    if (strtoul(str, NULL, 10) == g_cp_to_check) {
        g_cp_installed = TRUE;
        return FALSE;
    }
    return TRUE;
}

static BOOL
code_page_installed(UINT cp)
{
    g_cp_installed = FALSE;
    g_cp_to_check = cp;
    EnumSystemCodePages(installed_code_page_proc, CP_INSTALLED);
    return g_cp_installed;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE.codepage = CP
 *
 *  Sets current codepage.
 *  The WIN32OLE.codepage is initialized according to
 *  Encoding.default_internal.
 *  If Encoding.default_internal is nil then WIN32OLE.codepage
 *  is initialized according to Encoding.default_external.
 *
 *     WIN32OLE.codepage = WIN32OLE::CP_UTF8
 *     WIN32OLE.codepage = 65001
 */
static VALUE
fole_s_set_code_page(VALUE self, VALUE vcp)
{
    UINT cp = FIX2INT(vcp);
    set_ole_codepage(cp);
    /*
     * Should this method return old codepage?
     */
    return Qnil;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE.locale -> locale id.
 *
 *  Returns current locale id (lcid). The default locale is
 *  LOCALE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT.
 *
 *     lcid = WIN32OLE.locale
 */
static VALUE
fole_s_get_locale(VALUE self)
{
    return INT2FIX(cWIN32OLE_lcid);
}

static BOOL
CALLBACK installed_lcid_proc(LPTSTR str)
{
    if (strcmp(str, g_lcid_to_check) == 0) {
        g_lcid_installed = TRUE;
        return FALSE;
    }
    return TRUE;
}

static BOOL
lcid_installed(LCID lcid)
{
    g_lcid_installed = FALSE;
    snprintf(g_lcid_to_check, sizeof(g_lcid_to_check), "%08lx", lcid);
    EnumSystemLocales(installed_lcid_proc, LCID_INSTALLED);
    return g_lcid_installed;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE.locale = lcid
 *
 *  Sets current locale id (lcid).
 *
 *     WIN32OLE.locale = 1033 # set locale English(U.S)
 *     obj = WIN32OLE_VARIANT.new("$100,000", WIN32OLE::VARIANT::VT_CY)
 *
 */
static VALUE
fole_s_set_locale(VALUE self, VALUE vlcid)
{
    LCID lcid = FIX2INT(vlcid);
    if (lcid_installed(lcid)) {
        cWIN32OLE_lcid = lcid;
    } else {
        switch (lcid) {
        case LOCALE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT:
        case LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT:
            cWIN32OLE_lcid = lcid;
            break;
        default:
            rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "not installed locale: %u", (unsigned int)lcid);
        }
    }
    return Qnil;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE.create_guid
 *
 *  Creates GUID.
 *     WIN32OLE.create_guid # => {1CB530F1-F6B1-404D-BCE6-1959BF91F4A8}
 */
static VALUE
fole_s_create_guid(VALUE self)
{
    GUID guid;
    HRESULT hr;
    OLECHAR bstr[80];
    int len = 0;
    hr = CoCreateGuid(&guid);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to create GUID");
    }
    len = StringFromGUID2(&guid, bstr, sizeof(bstr)/sizeof(OLECHAR));
    if (len == 0) {
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to create GUID(buffer over)");
    }
    return ole_wc2vstr(bstr, FALSE);
}

/*
 * WIN32OLE.ole_initialize and WIN32OLE.ole_uninitialize
 * are used in win32ole.rb to fix the issue bug #2618 (ruby-core:27634).
 * You must not use thease method.
 */

static void  ole_pure_initialize()
{
    HRESULT hr;
    hr = OleInitialize(NULL);
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "fail: OLE initialize");
    }
}

static void  ole_pure_uninitialize()
{
    OleUninitialize();
}

/* :nodoc */
static VALUE
fole_s_ole_initialize(VALUE self)
{
    ole_pure_initialize();
    return Qnil;
}

/* :nodoc */
static VALUE
fole_s_ole_uninitialize(VALUE self)
{
    ole_pure_uninitialize();
    return Qnil;
}

/*
 * Document-class: WIN32OLE
 *
 *   <code>WIN32OLE</code> objects represent OLE Automation object in Ruby.
 *
 *   By using WIN32OLE, you can access OLE server like VBScript.
 *
 *   Here is sample script.
 *
 *     require 'win32ole'
 *
 *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *     excel.visible = true
 *     workbook = excel.Workbooks.Add();
 *     worksheet = workbook.Worksheets(1);
 *     worksheet.Range("A1:D1").value = ["North","South","East","West"];
 *     worksheet.Range("A2:B2").value = [5.2, 10];
 *     worksheet.Range("C2").value = 8;
 *     worksheet.Range("D2").value = 20;
 *
 *     range = worksheet.Range("A1:D2");
 *     range.select
 *     chart = workbook.Charts.Add;
 *
 *     workbook.saved = true;
 *
 *     excel.ActiveWorkbook.Close(0);
 *     excel.Quit();
 *
 *  Unfortunately, Win32OLE doesn't support the argument passed by
 *  reference directly.
 *  Instead, Win32OLE provides WIN32OLE::ARGV.
 *  If you want to get the result value of argument passed by reference,
 *  you can use WIN32OLE::ARGV.
 *
 *     oleobj.method(arg1, arg2, refargv3)
 *     puts WIN32OLE::ARGV[2]   # the value of refargv3 after called oleobj.method
 *
 */

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE.new(server, [host]) -> WIN32OLE object
 *
 *  Returns a new WIN32OLE object(OLE Automation object).
 *  The first argument server specifies OLE Automation server.
 *  The first argument should be CLSID or PROGID.
 *  If second argument host specified, then returns OLE Automation
 *  object on host.
 *
 *      WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application') # => Excel OLE Automation WIN32OLE object.
 *      WIN32OLE.new('{00024500-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}') # => Excel OLE Automation WIN32OLE object.
 */
static VALUE
fole_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE svr_name;
    VALUE host;
    VALUE others;
    HRESULT hr;
    CLSID   clsid;
    OLECHAR *pBuf;
    IDispatch *pDispatch;
    void *p;
    rb_secure(4);
    rb_call_super(0, 0);
    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11*", &svr_name, &host, &others);

    SafeStringValue(svr_name);
    if (rb_safe_level() > 0 && OBJ_TAINTED(svr_name)) {
        rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure Object Creation - %s",
                 StringValuePtr(svr_name));
    }
    if (!NIL_P(host)) {
        SafeStringValue(host);
        if (rb_safe_level() > 0 && OBJ_TAINTED(host)) {
            rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure Object Creation - %s",
                     StringValuePtr(svr_name));
        }
        return ole_create_dcom(argc, argv, self);
    }

    /* get CLSID from OLE server name */
    pBuf  = ole_vstr2wc(svr_name);
    hr = CLSIDFromProgID(pBuf, &clsid);
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        hr = CLSIDFromString(pBuf, &clsid);
    }
    SysFreeString(pBuf);
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
                  "unknown OLE server: `%s'",
                  StringValuePtr(svr_name));
    }

    /* get IDispatch interface */
    hr = CoCreateInstance(&clsid, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER | CLSCTX_LOCAL_SERVER,
                          &IID_IDispatch, &p);
    pDispatch = p;
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
                  "failed to create WIN32OLE object from `%s'",
                  StringValuePtr(svr_name));
    }

    ole_set_member(self, pDispatch);
    return self;
}

static VALUE
hash2named_arg(VALUE pair, struct oleparam* pOp)
{
    unsigned int index, i;
    VALUE key, value;
    index = pOp->dp.cNamedArgs;

    /*---------------------------------------------
      the data-type of key must be String or Symbol
    -----------------------------------------------*/
    key = rb_ary_entry(pair, 0);
    if(TYPE(key) != T_STRING && TYPE(key) != T_SYMBOL) {
        /* clear name of dispatch parameters */
        for(i = 1; i < index + 1; i++) {
            SysFreeString(pOp->pNamedArgs[i]);
        }
        /* clear dispatch parameters */
        for(i = 0; i < index; i++ ) {
            VariantClear(&(pOp->dp.rgvarg[i]));
        }
        /* raise an exception */
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type (expected String or Symbol)");
    }
    if (TYPE(key) == T_SYMBOL) {
        key = rb_sym_to_s(key);
    }

    /* pNamedArgs[0] is <method name>, so "index + 1" */
    pOp->pNamedArgs[index + 1] = ole_vstr2wc(key);

    value = rb_ary_entry(pair, 1);
    VariantInit(&(pOp->dp.rgvarg[index]));
    ole_val2variant(value, &(pOp->dp.rgvarg[index]));

    pOp->dp.cNamedArgs += 1;
    return Qnil;
}

static VALUE
set_argv(VARIANTARG* realargs, unsigned int beg, unsigned int end)
{
    VALUE argv = rb_const_get(cWIN32OLE, rb_intern("ARGV"));

    Check_Type(argv, T_ARRAY);
    rb_ary_clear(argv);
    while (end-- > beg) {
        rb_ary_push(argv, ole_variant2val(&realargs[end]));
        VariantClear(&realargs[end]);
    }
    return argv;
}

static VALUE
ole_invoke(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, USHORT wFlags, BOOL is_bracket)
{
    LCID    lcid = cWIN32OLE_lcid;
    struct oledata *pole;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE cmd;
    VALUE paramS;
    VALUE param;
    VALUE obj;
    VALUE v;

    BSTR wcmdname;

    DISPID DispID;
    DISPID* pDispID;
    EXCEPINFO excepinfo;
    VARIANT result;
    VARIANTARG* realargs = NULL;
    unsigned int argErr = 0;
    unsigned int i;
    unsigned int cNamedArgs;
    int n;
    struct oleparam op;
    struct olevariantdata *pvar;
    memset(&excepinfo, 0, sizeof(EXCEPINFO));

    VariantInit(&result);

    op.dp.rgvarg = NULL;
    op.dp.rgdispidNamedArgs = NULL;
    op.dp.cNamedArgs = 0;
    op.dp.cArgs = 0;

    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1*", &cmd, &paramS);
    if(TYPE(cmd) != T_STRING && TYPE(cmd) != T_SYMBOL && !is_bracket) {
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "method is wrong type (expected String or Symbol)");
    }
    if (TYPE(cmd) == T_SYMBOL) {
        cmd = rb_sym_to_s(cmd);
    }
    OLEData_Get_Struct(self, pole);
    if(!pole->pDispatch) {
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to get dispatch interface");
    }
    if (is_bracket) {
        DispID = DISPID_VALUE;
        argc += 1;
        rb_ary_unshift(paramS, cmd);
    } else {
        wcmdname = ole_vstr2wc(cmd);
        hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetIDsOfNames( pole->pDispatch, &IID_NULL,
                &wcmdname, 1, lcid, &DispID);
        SysFreeString(wcmdname);
        if(FAILED(hr)) {
            ole_raise(hr, rb_eNoMethodError,
                    "unknown property or method: `%s'",
                    StringValuePtr(cmd));
        }
    }

    /* pick up last argument of method */
    param = rb_ary_entry(paramS, argc-2);

    op.dp.cNamedArgs = 0;

    /* if last arg is hash object */
    if(TYPE(param) == T_HASH) {
        /*------------------------------------------
          hash object ==> named dispatch parameters
        --------------------------------------------*/
        cNamedArgs = NUM2INT(rb_funcall(param, rb_intern("length"), 0));
        op.dp.cArgs = cNamedArgs + argc - 2;
        op.pNamedArgs = ALLOCA_N(OLECHAR*, cNamedArgs + 1);
        op.dp.rgvarg = ALLOCA_N(VARIANTARG, op.dp.cArgs);
        rb_block_call(param, rb_intern("each"), 0, 0, hash2named_arg, (VALUE)&op);

        pDispID = ALLOCA_N(DISPID, cNamedArgs + 1);
        op.pNamedArgs[0] = ole_vstr2wc(cmd);
        hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetIDsOfNames(pole->pDispatch,
                                                    &IID_NULL,
                                                    op.pNamedArgs,
                                                    op.dp.cNamedArgs + 1,
                                                    lcid, pDispID);
        for(i = 0; i < op.dp.cNamedArgs + 1; i++) {
            SysFreeString(op.pNamedArgs[i]);
            op.pNamedArgs[i] = NULL;
        }
        if(FAILED(hr)) {
            /* clear dispatch parameters */
            for(i = 0; i < op.dp.cArgs; i++ ) {
                VariantClear(&op.dp.rgvarg[i]);
            }
            ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
                      "failed to get named argument info: `%s'",
                      StringValuePtr(cmd));
        }
        op.dp.rgdispidNamedArgs = &(pDispID[1]);
    }
    else {
        cNamedArgs = 0;
        op.dp.cArgs = argc - 1;
        op.pNamedArgs = ALLOCA_N(OLECHAR*, cNamedArgs + 1);
        if (op.dp.cArgs > 0) {
            op.dp.rgvarg  = ALLOCA_N(VARIANTARG, op.dp.cArgs);
        }
    }
    /*--------------------------------------
      non hash args ==> dispatch parameters
     ----------------------------------------*/
    if(op.dp.cArgs > cNamedArgs) {
        realargs = ALLOCA_N(VARIANTARG, op.dp.cArgs-cNamedArgs+1);
        for(i = cNamedArgs; i < op.dp.cArgs; i++) {
            n = op.dp.cArgs - i + cNamedArgs - 1;
            VariantInit(&realargs[n]);
            VariantInit(&op.dp.rgvarg[n]);
            param = rb_ary_entry(paramS, i-cNamedArgs);
            if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(param, cWIN32OLE_VARIANT)) {
                Data_Get_Struct(param, struct olevariantdata, pvar);
                VariantCopy(&op.dp.rgvarg[n], &(pvar->var));
            } else {
                ole_val2variant(param, &realargs[n]);
                V_VT(&op.dp.rgvarg[n]) = VT_VARIANT | VT_BYREF;
                V_VARIANTREF(&op.dp.rgvarg[n]) = &realargs[n];
            }
        }
    }
    /* apparent you need to call propput, you need this */
    if (wFlags & DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT) {
        if (op.dp.cArgs == 0)
            ole_raise(ResultFromScode(E_INVALIDARG), eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "argument error");

        op.dp.cNamedArgs = 1;
        op.dp.rgdispidNamedArgs = ALLOCA_N( DISPID, 1 );
        op.dp.rgdispidNamedArgs[0] = DISPID_PROPERTYPUT;
    }

    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->Invoke(pole->pDispatch, DispID,
                                         &IID_NULL, lcid, wFlags, &op.dp,
                                         &result, &excepinfo, &argErr);

    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        /* retry to call args by value */
        if(op.dp.cArgs >= cNamedArgs) {
            for(i = cNamedArgs; i < op.dp.cArgs; i++) {
                n = op.dp.cArgs - i + cNamedArgs - 1;
                param = rb_ary_entry(paramS, i-cNamedArgs);
                ole_val2variant(param, &op.dp.rgvarg[n]);
            }
            if (hr == DISP_E_EXCEPTION) {
                ole_freeexceptinfo(&excepinfo);
            }
            memset(&excepinfo, 0, sizeof(EXCEPINFO));
            VariantInit(&result);
            hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->Invoke(pole->pDispatch, DispID,
                                                 &IID_NULL, lcid, wFlags,
                                                 &op.dp, &result,
                                                 &excepinfo, &argErr);

            /* mega kludge. if a method in WORD is called and we ask
             * for a result when one is not returned then
             * hResult == DISP_E_EXCEPTION. this only happens on
             * functions whose DISPID > 0x8000 */
            if ((hr == DISP_E_EXCEPTION || hr == DISP_E_MEMBERNOTFOUND) && DispID > 0x8000) {
                if (hr == DISP_E_EXCEPTION) {
                    ole_freeexceptinfo(&excepinfo);
                }
                memset(&excepinfo, 0, sizeof(EXCEPINFO));
                hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->Invoke(pole->pDispatch, DispID,
                        &IID_NULL, lcid, wFlags,
                        &op.dp, NULL,
                        &excepinfo, &argErr);

            }
            for(i = cNamedArgs; i < op.dp.cArgs; i++) {
                n = op.dp.cArgs - i + cNamedArgs - 1;
                VariantClear(&op.dp.rgvarg[n]);
            }
        }

        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            /* retry after converting nil to VT_EMPTY */
            if (op.dp.cArgs > cNamedArgs) {
                for(i = cNamedArgs; i < op.dp.cArgs; i++) {
                    n = op.dp.cArgs - i + cNamedArgs - 1;
                    param = rb_ary_entry(paramS, i-cNamedArgs);
                    ole_val2variant2(param, &op.dp.rgvarg[n]);
                }
                if (hr == DISP_E_EXCEPTION) {
                    ole_freeexceptinfo(&excepinfo);
                }
                memset(&excepinfo, 0, sizeof(EXCEPINFO));
                VariantInit(&result);
                hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->Invoke(pole->pDispatch, DispID,
                        &IID_NULL, lcid, wFlags,
                        &op.dp, &result,
                        &excepinfo, &argErr);
                for(i = cNamedArgs; i < op.dp.cArgs; i++) {
                    n = op.dp.cArgs - i + cNamedArgs - 1;
                    VariantClear(&op.dp.rgvarg[n]);
                }
            }
        }

    }
    /* clear dispatch parameter */
    if(op.dp.cArgs > cNamedArgs) {
        for(i = cNamedArgs; i < op.dp.cArgs; i++) {
            n = op.dp.cArgs - i + cNamedArgs - 1;
            param = rb_ary_entry(paramS, i-cNamedArgs);
            if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(param, cWIN32OLE_VARIANT)) {
                ole_val2variant(param, &realargs[n]);
            }
        }
        set_argv(realargs, cNamedArgs, op.dp.cArgs);
    }
    else {
        for(i = 0; i < op.dp.cArgs; i++) {
            VariantClear(&op.dp.rgvarg[i]);
        }
    }

    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        v = ole_excepinfo2msg(&excepinfo);
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "(in OLE method `%s': )%s",
                  StringValuePtr(cmd),
                  StringValuePtr(v));
    }
    obj = ole_variant2val(&result);
    VariantClear(&result);
    return obj;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE#invoke(method, [arg1,...])  => return value of method.
 *
 *  Runs OLE method.
 *  The first argument specifies the method name of OLE Automation object.
 *  The others specify argument of the <i>method</i>.
 *  If you can not execute <i>method</i> directly, then use this method instead.
 *
 *    excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *    excel.invoke('Quit')  # => same as excel.Quit
 *
 */
static VALUE
fole_invoke(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    return ole_invoke(argc, argv, self, DISPATCH_METHOD|DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET, FALSE);
}

static VALUE
ole_invoke2(VALUE self, VALUE dispid, VALUE args, VALUE types, USHORT dispkind)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    struct oledata *pole;
    unsigned int argErr = 0;
    EXCEPINFO excepinfo;
    VARIANT result;
    DISPPARAMS dispParams;
    VARIANTARG* realargs = NULL;
    int i, j;
    VALUE obj = Qnil;
    VALUE tp, param;
    VALUE v;
    VARTYPE vt;

    Check_Type(args, T_ARRAY);
    Check_Type(types, T_ARRAY);

    memset(&excepinfo, 0, sizeof(EXCEPINFO));
    memset(&dispParams, 0, sizeof(DISPPARAMS));
    VariantInit(&result);
    OLEData_Get_Struct(self, pole);

    dispParams.cArgs = RARRAY_LEN(args);
    dispParams.rgvarg = ALLOCA_N(VARIANTARG, dispParams.cArgs);
    realargs = ALLOCA_N(VARIANTARG, dispParams.cArgs);
    for (i = 0, j = dispParams.cArgs - 1; i < (int)dispParams.cArgs; i++, j--)
    {
        VariantInit(&realargs[i]);
        VariantInit(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]);
        tp = rb_ary_entry(types, j);
        vt = (VARTYPE)FIX2INT(tp);
        V_VT(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = vt;
        param = rb_ary_entry(args, j);
        if (param == Qnil)
        {

            V_VT(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = V_VT(&realargs[i]) = VT_ERROR;
            V_ERROR(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = V_ERROR(&realargs[i]) = DISP_E_PARAMNOTFOUND;
        }
        else
        {
            if (vt & VT_ARRAY)
            {
                int ent;
                LPBYTE pb;
                short* ps;
                LPLONG pl;
                VARIANT* pv;
                CY *py;
                VARTYPE v;
                SAFEARRAYBOUND rgsabound[1];
                Check_Type(param, T_ARRAY);
                rgsabound[0].lLbound = 0;
                rgsabound[0].cElements = RARRAY_LEN(param);
                v = vt & ~(VT_ARRAY | VT_BYREF);
                V_ARRAY(&realargs[i]) = SafeArrayCreate(v, 1, rgsabound);
                V_VT(&realargs[i]) = VT_ARRAY | v;
                SafeArrayLock(V_ARRAY(&realargs[i]));
                pb = V_ARRAY(&realargs[i])->pvData;
                ps = V_ARRAY(&realargs[i])->pvData;
                pl = V_ARRAY(&realargs[i])->pvData;
                py = V_ARRAY(&realargs[i])->pvData;
                pv = V_ARRAY(&realargs[i])->pvData;
                for (ent = 0; ent < (int)rgsabound[0].cElements; ent++)
                {
                    VARIANT velem;
                    VALUE elem = rb_ary_entry(param, ent);
                    ole_val2variant(elem, &velem);
                    if (v != VT_VARIANT)
                    {
                        VariantChangeTypeEx(&velem, &velem,
                            cWIN32OLE_lcid, 0, v);
                    }
                    switch (v)
                    {
                    /* 128 bits */
                    case VT_VARIANT:
                        *pv++ = velem;
                        break;
                    /* 64 bits */
                    case VT_R8:
                    case VT_CY:
                    case VT_DATE:
                        *py++ = V_CY(&velem);
                        break;
                    /* 16 bits */
                    case VT_BOOL:
                    case VT_I2:
                    case VT_UI2:
                        *ps++ = V_I2(&velem);
                        break;
                    /* 8 bites */
                    case VT_UI1:
                    case VT_I1:
                        *pb++ = V_UI1(&velem);
                        break;
                    /* 32 bits */
                    default:
                        *pl++ = V_I4(&velem);
                        break;
                    }
                }
                SafeArrayUnlock(V_ARRAY(&realargs[i]));
            }
            else
            {
                ole_val2variant(param, &realargs[i]);
                if ((vt & (~VT_BYREF)) != VT_VARIANT)
                {
                    hr = VariantChangeTypeEx(&realargs[i], &realargs[i],
                                             cWIN32OLE_lcid, 0,
                                             (VARTYPE)(vt & (~VT_BYREF)));
                    if (hr != S_OK)
                    {
                        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "not valid value");
                    }
                }
            }
            if ((vt & VT_BYREF) || vt == VT_VARIANT)
            {
                if (vt == VT_VARIANT)
                    V_VT(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = VT_VARIANT | VT_BYREF;
                switch (vt & (~VT_BYREF))
                {
                /* 128 bits */
                case VT_VARIANT:
                    V_VARIANTREF(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = &realargs[i];
                    break;
                /* 64 bits */
                case VT_R8:
                case VT_CY:
                case VT_DATE:
                    V_CYREF(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = &V_CY(&realargs[i]);
                    break;
                /* 16 bits */
                case VT_BOOL:
                case VT_I2:
                case VT_UI2:
                    V_I2REF(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = &V_I2(&realargs[i]);
                    break;
                /* 8 bites */
                case VT_UI1:
                case VT_I1:
                    V_UI1REF(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = &V_UI1(&realargs[i]);
                    break;
                /* 32 bits */
                default:
                    V_I4REF(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = &V_I4(&realargs[i]);
                    break;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                /* copy 64 bits of data */
                V_CY(&dispParams.rgvarg[i]) = V_CY(&realargs[i]);
            }
        }
    }

    if (dispkind & DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT) {
        dispParams.cNamedArgs = 1;
        dispParams.rgdispidNamedArgs = ALLOCA_N( DISPID, 1 );
        dispParams.rgdispidNamedArgs[0] = DISPID_PROPERTYPUT;
    }

    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->Invoke(pole->pDispatch, NUM2INT(dispid),
                                         &IID_NULL, cWIN32OLE_lcid,
                                         dispkind,
                                         &dispParams, &result,
                                         &excepinfo, &argErr);

    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        v = ole_excepinfo2msg(&excepinfo);
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "(in OLE method `<dispatch id:%d>': )%s",
                  NUM2INT(dispid),
                  StringValuePtr(v));
    }

    /* clear dispatch parameter */
    if(dispParams.cArgs > 0) {
        set_argv(realargs, 0, dispParams.cArgs);
    }

    obj = ole_variant2val(&result);
    VariantClear(&result);
    return obj;
}

/*
 *   call-seq:
 *      WIN32OLE#_invoke(dispid, args, types)
 *
 *   Runs the early binding method.
 *   The 1st argument specifies dispatch ID,
 *   the 2nd argument specifies the array of arguments,
 *   the 3rd argument specifies the array of the type of arguments.
 *
 *      excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *      excel._invoke(302, [], []) #  same effect as excel.Quit
 */
static VALUE
fole_invoke2(VALUE self, VALUE dispid, VALUE args, VALUE types)
{
    return ole_invoke2(self, dispid, args, types, DISPATCH_METHOD);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE#_getproperty(dispid, args, types)
 *
 *  Runs the early binding method to get property.
 *  The 1st argument specifies dispatch ID,
 *  the 2nd argument specifies the array of arguments,
 *  the 3rd argument specifies the array of the type of arguments.
 *
 *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *     puts excel._getproperty(558, [], []) # same effect as puts excel.visible
 */
static VALUE
fole_getproperty2(VALUE self, VALUE dispid, VALUE args, VALUE types)
{
    return ole_invoke2(self, dispid, args, types, DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET);
}

/*
 *   call-seq:
 *      WIN32OLE#_setproperty(dispid, args, types)
 *
 *   Runs the early binding method to set property.
 *   The 1st argument specifies dispatch ID,
 *   the 2nd argument specifies the array of arguments,
 *   the 3rd argument specifies the array of the type of arguments.
 *
 *      excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *      excel._setproperty(558, [true], [WIN32OLE::VARIANT::VT_BOOL]) # same effect as excel.visible = true
 */
static VALUE
fole_setproperty2(VALUE self, VALUE dispid, VALUE args, VALUE types)
{
    return ole_invoke2(self, dispid, args, types, DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE[a1, a2, ...]=val
 *
 *  Sets the value to WIN32OLE object specified by a1, a2, ...
 *
 *     dict = WIN32OLE.new('Scripting.Dictionary')
 *     dict.add('ruby', 'RUBY')
 *     dict['ruby'] = 'Ruby'
 *     puts dict['ruby'] # => 'Ruby'
 *
 *  Remark: You can not use this method to set the property value.
 *
 *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *     # excel['Visible'] = true # This is error !!!
 *     excel.Visible = true # You should to use this style to set the property.
 *
 */
static VALUE
fole_setproperty_with_bracket(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    return ole_invoke(argc, argv, self, DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT, TRUE);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE.setproperty('property', [arg1, arg2,...] val)
 *
 *  Sets property of OLE object.
 *  When you want to set property with argument, you can use this method.
 *
 *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *     excel.Visible = true
 *     book = excel.workbooks.add
 *     sheet = book.worksheets(1)
 *     sheet.setproperty('Cells', 1, 2, 10) # => The B1 cell value is 10.
 */
static VALUE
fole_setproperty(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    return ole_invoke(argc, argv, self, DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT, FALSE);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE[a1,a2,...]
 *
 *  Returns the value of Collection specified by a1, a2,....
 *
 *     dict = WIN32OLE.new('Scripting.Dictionary')
 *     dict.add('ruby', 'Ruby')
 *     puts dict['ruby'] # => 'Ruby' (same as `puts dict.item('ruby')')
 *
 *  Remark: You can not use this method to get the property.
 *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *     # puts excel['Visible']  This is error !!!
 *     puts excel.Visible # You should to use this style to get the property.
 *
 */
static VALUE
fole_getproperty_with_bracket(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    return ole_invoke(argc, argv, self, DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET, TRUE);
}

static VALUE
ole_propertyput(VALUE self, VALUE property, VALUE value)
{
    struct oledata *pole;
    unsigned argErr;
    unsigned int index;
    HRESULT hr;
    EXCEPINFO excepinfo;
    DISPID dispID = DISPID_VALUE;
    DISPID dispIDParam = DISPID_PROPERTYPUT;
    USHORT wFlags = DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUT|DISPATCH_PROPERTYPUTREF;
    DISPPARAMS dispParams;
    VARIANTARG propertyValue[2];
    OLECHAR* pBuf[1];
    VALUE v;
    LCID    lcid = cWIN32OLE_lcid;
    dispParams.rgdispidNamedArgs = &dispIDParam;
    dispParams.rgvarg = propertyValue;
    dispParams.cNamedArgs = 1;
    dispParams.cArgs = 1;

    VariantInit(&propertyValue[0]);
    VariantInit(&propertyValue[1]);
    memset(&excepinfo, 0, sizeof(excepinfo));

    OLEData_Get_Struct(self, pole);

    /* get ID from property name */
    pBuf[0]  = ole_vstr2wc(property);
    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetIDsOfNames(pole->pDispatch, &IID_NULL,
                                                pBuf, 1, lcid, &dispID);
    SysFreeString(pBuf[0]);
    pBuf[0] = NULL;

    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
                  "unknown property or method: `%s'",
                  StringValuePtr(property));
    }
    /* set property value */
    ole_val2variant(value, &propertyValue[0]);
    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->Invoke(pole->pDispatch, dispID, &IID_NULL,
                                         lcid, wFlags, &dispParams,
                                         NULL, &excepinfo, &argErr);

    for(index = 0; index < dispParams.cArgs; ++index) {
        VariantClear(&propertyValue[index]);
    }
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        v = ole_excepinfo2msg(&excepinfo);
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "(in setting property `%s': )%s",
                  StringValuePtr(property),
                  StringValuePtr(v));
    }
    return Qnil;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE#ole_free
 *
 *  invokes Release method of Dispatch interface of WIN32OLE object.
 *  Usually, you do not need to call this method because Release method
 *  called automatically when WIN32OLE object garbaged.
 *
 */
static VALUE
fole_free(VALUE self)
{
    struct oledata *pole;
    rb_secure(4);
    OLEData_Get_Struct(self, pole);
    OLE_FREE(pole->pDispatch);
    pole->pDispatch = NULL;
    return Qnil;
}

static VALUE
ole_each_sub(VALUE pEnumV)
{
    VARIANT variant;
    VALUE obj = Qnil;
    IEnumVARIANT *pEnum = (IEnumVARIANT *)pEnumV;
    VariantInit(&variant);
    while(pEnum->lpVtbl->Next(pEnum, 1, &variant, NULL) == S_OK) {
        obj = ole_variant2val(&variant);
        VariantClear(&variant);
        VariantInit(&variant);
        rb_yield(obj);
    }
    return Qnil;
}

static VALUE
ole_ienum_free(VALUE pEnumV)
{
    IEnumVARIANT *pEnum = (IEnumVARIANT *)pEnumV;
    OLE_RELEASE(pEnum);
    return Qnil;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE#each {|i|...}
 *
 *  Iterates over each item of OLE collection which has IEnumVARIANT interface.
 *
 *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *     book = excel.workbooks.add
 *     sheets = book.worksheets(1)
 *     cells = sheets.cells("A1:A5")
 *     cells.each do |cell|
 *       cell.value = 10
 *     end
 */
static VALUE
fole_each(VALUE self)
{
    LCID    lcid = cWIN32OLE_lcid;

    struct oledata *pole;

    unsigned int argErr;
    EXCEPINFO excepinfo;
    DISPPARAMS dispParams;
    VARIANT result;
    HRESULT hr;
    IEnumVARIANT *pEnum = NULL;
    void *p;

    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(self, 0, 0);

    VariantInit(&result);
    dispParams.rgvarg = NULL;
    dispParams.rgdispidNamedArgs = NULL;
    dispParams.cNamedArgs = 0;
    dispParams.cArgs = 0;
    memset(&excepinfo, 0, sizeof(excepinfo));

    OLEData_Get_Struct(self, pole);
    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->Invoke(pole->pDispatch, DISPID_NEWENUM,
                                         &IID_NULL, lcid,
                                         DISPATCH_METHOD | DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET,
                                         &dispParams, &result,
                                         &excepinfo, &argErr);

    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        VariantClear(&result);
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to get IEnum Interface");
    }

    if (V_VT(&result) == VT_UNKNOWN) {
        hr = V_UNKNOWN(&result)->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(V_UNKNOWN(&result),
                                                        &IID_IEnumVARIANT,
                                                        &p);
        pEnum = p;
    } else if (V_VT(&result) == VT_DISPATCH) {
        hr = V_DISPATCH(&result)->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(V_DISPATCH(&result),
                                                         &IID_IEnumVARIANT,
                                                         &p);
        pEnum = p;
    }
    if (FAILED(hr) || !pEnum) {
        VariantClear(&result);
        ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to get IEnum Interface");
    }

    VariantClear(&result);
    rb_ensure(ole_each_sub, (VALUE)pEnum, ole_ienum_free, (VALUE)pEnum);
    return Qnil;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE#method_missing(id [,arg1, arg2, ...])
 *
 *  Calls WIN32OLE#invoke method.
 */
static VALUE
fole_missing(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    ID id;
    const char* mname;
    int n;
    id = rb_to_id(argv[0]);
    mname = rb_id2name(id);
    if(!mname) {
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "fail: unknown method or property");
    }
    n = strlen(mname);
    if(mname[n-1] == '=') {
        argv[0] = rb_enc_str_new(mname, n-1, cWIN32OLE_enc);

        return ole_propertyput(self, argv[0], argv[1]);
    }
    else {
        argv[0] = rb_enc_str_new(mname, n, cWIN32OLE_enc);
        return ole_invoke(argc, argv, self, DISPATCH_METHOD|DISPATCH_PROPERTYGET, FALSE);
    }
}

static VALUE
ole_method_sub(VALUE self, ITypeInfo *pOwnerTypeInfo, ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, VALUE name)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr;
    BSTR bstr;
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    WORD i;
    VALUE fname;
    VALUE method = Qnil;
    hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to GetTypeAttr");
    }
    for(i = 0; i < pTypeAttr->cFuncs && method == Qnil; i++) {
        hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, i, &pFuncDesc);
        if (FAILED(hr))
             continue;

        hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetDocumentation(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc->memid,
                                                 &bstr, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
            continue;
        }
        fname = WC2VSTR(bstr);
        if (strcasecmp(StringValuePtr(name), StringValuePtr(fname)) == 0) {
            olemethod_set_member(self, pTypeInfo, pOwnerTypeInfo, i, fname);
            method = self;
        }
        pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
        pFuncDesc=NULL;
    }
    OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
    return method;
}

static VALUE
olemethod_from_typeinfo(VALUE self, ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, VALUE name)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr;
    WORD i;
    HREFTYPE href;
    ITypeInfo *pRefTypeInfo;
    VALUE method = Qnil;
    hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to GetTypeAttr");
    }
    method = ole_method_sub(self, 0, pTypeInfo, name);
    if (method != Qnil) {
       return method;
    }
    for(i=0; i < pTypeAttr->cImplTypes && method == Qnil; i++){
       hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetRefTypeOfImplType(pTypeInfo, i, &href);
       if(FAILED(hr))
           continue;
       hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetRefTypeInfo(pTypeInfo, href, &pRefTypeInfo);
       if (FAILED(hr))
           continue;
       method = ole_method_sub(self, pTypeInfo, pRefTypeInfo, name);
       OLE_RELEASE(pRefTypeInfo);
    }
    OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
    return method;
}

static VALUE
ole_methods_sub(ITypeInfo *pOwnerTypeInfo, ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, VALUE methods, int mask)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr;
    BSTR bstr;
    char *pstr;
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    VALUE method;
    WORD i;
    hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to GetTypeAttr");
    }
    for(i = 0; i < pTypeAttr->cFuncs; i++) {
        pstr = NULL;
        hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, i, &pFuncDesc);
        if (FAILED(hr))
             continue;

        hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetDocumentation(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc->memid,
                                                 &bstr, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
            continue;
        }
        if(pFuncDesc->invkind & mask) {
            method = folemethod_s_allocate(cWIN32OLE_METHOD);
            olemethod_set_member(method, pTypeInfo, pOwnerTypeInfo,
                                 i, WC2VSTR(bstr));
            rb_ary_push(methods, method);
        }
        pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
        pFuncDesc=NULL;
    }
    OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);

    return methods;
}

static VALUE
ole_methods_from_typeinfo(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, int mask)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr;
    WORD i;
    HREFTYPE href;
    ITypeInfo *pRefTypeInfo;
    VALUE methods = rb_ary_new();
    hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to GetTypeAttr");
    }

    ole_methods_sub(0, pTypeInfo, methods, mask);
    for(i=0; i < pTypeAttr->cImplTypes; i++){
       hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetRefTypeOfImplType(pTypeInfo, i, &href);
       if(FAILED(hr))
           continue;
       hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetRefTypeInfo(pTypeInfo, href, &pRefTypeInfo);
       if (FAILED(hr))
           continue;
       ole_methods_sub(pTypeInfo, pRefTypeInfo, methods, mask);
       OLE_RELEASE(pRefTypeInfo);
    }
    OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
    return methods;
}

static HRESULT
typeinfo_from_ole(struct oledata *pole, ITypeInfo **ppti)
{
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;
    BSTR bstr;
    VALUE type;
    UINT i;
    UINT count;
    LCID    lcid = cWIN32OLE_lcid;
    HRESULT hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo(pole->pDispatch,
                                                      0, lcid, &pTypeInfo);
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to GetTypeInfo");
    }
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetDocumentation(pTypeInfo,
                                             -1,
                                             &bstr,
                                             NULL, NULL, NULL);
    type = WC2VSTR(bstr);
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetContainingTypeLib(pTypeInfo, &pTypeLib, &i);
    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to GetContainingTypeLib");
    }
    count = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfoCount(pTypeLib);
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetDocumentation(pTypeLib, i,
                                                &bstr, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && rb_str_cmp(WC2VSTR(bstr), type) == 0) {
            hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo(pTypeLib, i, &pTypeInfo);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                *ppti = pTypeInfo;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeLib);
    return hr;
}

static VALUE
ole_methods(VALUE self, int mask)
{
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE methods;
    struct oledata *pole;

    OLEData_Get_Struct(self, pole);
    methods = rb_ary_new();

    hr = typeinfo_from_ole(pole, &pTypeInfo);
    if(FAILED(hr))
        return methods;
    rb_ary_concat(methods, ole_methods_from_typeinfo(pTypeInfo, mask));
    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
    return methods;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE#ole_methods
 *
 *  Returns the array of WIN32OLE_METHOD object.
 *  The element is OLE method of WIN32OLE object.
 *
 *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *     methods = excel.ole_methods
 *
 */
static VALUE
fole_methods(VALUE self)
{
    return ole_methods( self, INVOKE_FUNC | INVOKE_PROPERTYGET | INVOKE_PROPERTYPUT | INVOKE_PROPERTYPUTREF);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE#ole_get_methods
 *
 *  Returns the array of WIN32OLE_METHOD object .
 *  The element of the array is property (gettable) of WIN32OLE object.
 *
 *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *     properties = excel.ole_get_methods
 */
static VALUE
fole_get_methods(VALUE self)
{
    return ole_methods( self, INVOKE_PROPERTYGET);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE#ole_put_methods
 *
 *  Returns the array of WIN32OLE_METHOD object .
 *  The element of the array is property (settable) of WIN32OLE object.
 *
 *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *     properties = excel.ole_put_methods
 */
static VALUE
fole_put_methods(VALUE self)
{
    return ole_methods( self, INVOKE_PROPERTYPUT|INVOKE_PROPERTYPUTREF);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE#ole_func_methods
 *
 *  Returns the array of WIN32OLE_METHOD object .
 *  The element of the array is property (settable) of WIN32OLE object.
 *
 *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *     properties = excel.ole_func_methods
 *
 */
static VALUE
fole_func_methods(VALUE self)
{
    return ole_methods( self, INVOKE_FUNC);
}

static VALUE
ole_type_from_itypeinfo(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo)
{
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;
    VALUE type = Qnil;
    HRESULT hr;
    unsigned int index;
    BSTR bstr;

    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetContainingTypeLib( pTypeInfo, &pTypeLib, &index );
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        return Qnil;
    }
    hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetDocumentation( pTypeLib, index,
                                             &bstr, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeLib);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return Qnil;
    }
    type = foletype_s_allocate(cWIN32OLE_TYPE);
    oletype_set_member(type, pTypeInfo, WC2VSTR(bstr));
    return type;
}

/*
 *   call-seq:
 *      WIN32OLE#ole_type
 *
 *   Returns WIN32OLE_TYPE object.
 *
 *      excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *      tobj = excel.ole_type
 */
static VALUE
fole_type(VALUE self)
{
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
    HRESULT hr;
    struct oledata *pole;
    LCID  lcid = cWIN32OLE_lcid;
    VALUE type = Qnil;

    OLEData_Get_Struct(self, pole);

    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo( pole->pDispatch, 0, lcid, &pTypeInfo );
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to GetTypeInfo");
    }
    type = ole_type_from_itypeinfo(pTypeInfo);
    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
    if (type == Qnil) {
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to create WIN32OLE_TYPE obj from ITypeInfo");
    }
    return type;
}

static VALUE
ole_typelib_from_itypeinfo(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;
    unsigned int index;
    VALUE retval = Qnil;

    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetContainingTypeLib(pTypeInfo, &pTypeLib, &index);
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        return Qnil;
    }
    retval = rb_funcall(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, rb_intern("allocate"), 0);
    oletypelib_set_member(retval, pTypeLib);
    return retval;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE#ole_typelib -> The WIN32OLE_TYPELIB object
 *
 *  Returns the WIN32OLE_TYPELIB object. The object represents the
 *  type library which contains the WIN32OLE object.
 *
 *     excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *     tlib = excel.ole_typelib
 *     puts tlib.name  # -> 'Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library'
 */
static VALUE
fole_typelib(VALUE self)
{
    struct oledata *pole;
    HRESULT hr;
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
    LCID  lcid = cWIN32OLE_lcid;
    VALUE vtlib = Qnil;

    OLEData_Get_Struct(self, pole);
    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo(pole->pDispatch,
                                              0, lcid, &pTypeInfo);
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to GetTypeInfo");
    }
    vtlib = ole_typelib_from_itypeinfo(pTypeInfo);
    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
    if (vtlib == Qnil) {
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to get type library info.");
    }
    return vtlib;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE#ole_query_interface(iid) -> WIN32OLE object
 *
 *  Returns WIN32OLE object for a specific dispatch or dual
 *  interface specified by iid.
 *
 *      ie = WIN32OLE.new('InternetExplorer.Application')
 *      ie_web_app = ie.ole_query_interface('{0002DF05-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}') # => WIN32OLE object for dispinterface IWebBrowserApp
 */
static VALUE
fole_query_interface(VALUE self, VALUE str_iid)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    OLECHAR *pBuf;
    IID iid;
    struct oledata *pole;
    IDispatch *pDispatch;
    void *p;

    pBuf  = ole_vstr2wc(str_iid);
    hr = CLSIDFromString(pBuf, &iid);
    SysFreeString(pBuf);
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
                  "invalid iid: `%s'",
                  StringValuePtr(str_iid));
    }

    OLEData_Get_Struct(self, pole);
    if(!pole->pDispatch) {
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to get dispatch interface");
    }

    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pole->pDispatch, &iid,
                                                 &p);
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
                  "failed to get interface `%s'",
                  StringValuePtr(str_iid));
    }

    pDispatch = p;
    return create_win32ole_object(cWIN32OLE, pDispatch, 0, 0);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE#ole_respond_to?(method) -> true or false
 *
 *  Returns true when OLE object has OLE method, otherwise returns false.
 *
 *      ie = WIN32OLE.new('InternetExplorer.Application')
 *      ie.ole_respond_to?("gohome") => true
 */
static VALUE
fole_respond_to(VALUE self, VALUE method)
{
    struct oledata *pole;
    BSTR wcmdname;
    DISPID DispID;
    HRESULT hr;
    rb_secure(4);
    if(TYPE(method) != T_STRING && TYPE(method) != T_SYMBOL) {
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type (expected String or Symbol)");
    }
    if (TYPE(method) == T_SYMBOL) {
        method = rb_sym_to_s(method);
    }
    OLEData_Get_Struct(self, pole);
    wcmdname = ole_vstr2wc(method);
    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetIDsOfNames( pole->pDispatch, &IID_NULL,
            &wcmdname, 1, cWIN32OLE_lcid, &DispID);
    SysFreeString(wcmdname);
    return SUCCEEDED(hr) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}

static HRESULT
ole_docinfo_from_type(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, BSTR *name, BSTR *helpstr, DWORD *helpcontext, BSTR *helpfile)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;
    UINT i;

    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetContainingTypeLib(pTypeInfo, &pTypeLib, &i);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return hr;
    }

    hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetDocumentation(pTypeLib, i,
                                            name, helpstr,
                                            helpcontext, helpfile);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeLib);
        return hr;
    }
    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeLib);
    return hr;
}

static VALUE
ole_usertype2val(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, TYPEDESC *pTypeDesc, VALUE typedetails)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    BSTR bstr;
    ITypeInfo *pRefTypeInfo;
    VALUE type = Qnil;

    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetRefTypeInfo(pTypeInfo,
                                           V_UNION1(pTypeDesc, hreftype),
                                           &pRefTypeInfo);
    if(FAILED(hr))
        return Qnil;
    hr = ole_docinfo_from_type(pRefTypeInfo, &bstr, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        OLE_RELEASE(pRefTypeInfo);
        return Qnil;
    }
    OLE_RELEASE(pRefTypeInfo);
    type = WC2VSTR(bstr);
    if(typedetails != Qnil)
        rb_ary_push(typedetails, type);
    return type;
}

static VALUE
ole_ptrtype2val(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, TYPEDESC *pTypeDesc, VALUE typedetails)
{
    TYPEDESC *p = pTypeDesc;
    VALUE type = rb_str_new2("");

    if (p->vt == VT_PTR || p->vt == VT_SAFEARRAY) {
        p = V_UNION1(p, lptdesc);
        type = ole_typedesc2val(pTypeInfo, p, typedetails);
    }
    return type;
}

static VALUE
ole_typedesc2val(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, TYPEDESC *pTypeDesc, VALUE typedetails)
{
    VALUE str;
    VALUE typestr = Qnil;
    switch(pTypeDesc->vt) {
    case VT_I2:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("I2");
        break;
    case VT_I4:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("I4");
        break;
    case VT_R4:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("R4");
        break;
    case VT_R8:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("R8");
        break;
    case VT_CY:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("CY");
        break;
    case VT_DATE:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("DATE");
        break;
    case VT_BSTR:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("BSTR");
        break;
    case VT_BOOL:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("BOOL");
        break;
    case VT_VARIANT:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("VARIANT");
        break;
    case VT_DECIMAL:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("DECIMAL");
        break;
    case VT_I1:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("I1");
        break;
    case VT_UI1:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("UI1");
        break;
    case VT_UI2:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("UI2");
        break;
    case VT_UI4:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("UI4");
        break;
#if (_MSC_VER >= 1300) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
    case VT_I8:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("I8");
        break;
    case VT_UI8:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("UI8");
        break;
#endif
    case VT_INT:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("INT");
        break;
    case VT_UINT:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("UINT");
        break;
    case VT_VOID:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("VOID");
        break;
    case VT_HRESULT:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("HRESULT");
        break;
    case VT_PTR:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("PTR");
        if(typedetails != Qnil)
            rb_ary_push(typedetails, typestr);
        return ole_ptrtype2val(pTypeInfo, pTypeDesc, typedetails);
    case VT_SAFEARRAY:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("SAFEARRAY");
        if(typedetails != Qnil)
            rb_ary_push(typedetails, typestr);
        return ole_ptrtype2val(pTypeInfo, pTypeDesc, typedetails);
    case VT_CARRAY:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("CARRAY");
        break;
    case VT_USERDEFINED:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("USERDEFINED");
        if (typedetails != Qnil)
            rb_ary_push(typedetails, typestr);
        str = ole_usertype2val(pTypeInfo, pTypeDesc, typedetails);
        if (str != Qnil) {
            return str;
        }
        return typestr;
    case VT_UNKNOWN:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("UNKNOWN");
        break;
    case VT_DISPATCH:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("DISPATCH");
        break;
    case VT_ERROR:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("ERROR");
        break;
    case VT_LPWSTR:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("LPWSTR");
        break;
    case VT_LPSTR:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("LPSTR");
        break;
    default:
        typestr = rb_str_new2("Unknown Type ");
        rb_str_concat(typestr, rb_fix2str(INT2FIX(pTypeDesc->vt), 10));
        break;
    }
    if (typedetails != Qnil)
        rb_ary_push(typedetails, typestr);
    return typestr;
}

/*
 *   call-seq:
 *      WIN32OLE#ole_method_help(method)
 *
 *   Returns WIN32OLE_METHOD object corresponding with method
 *   specified by 1st argument.
 *
 *      excel = WIN32OLE.new('Excel.Application')
 *      method = excel.ole_method_help('Quit')
 *
 */
static VALUE
fole_method_help(VALUE self, VALUE cmdname)
{
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
    HRESULT hr;
    struct oledata *pole;
    VALUE method, obj;

    SafeStringValue(cmdname);
    OLEData_Get_Struct(self, pole);
    hr = typeinfo_from_ole(pole, &pTypeInfo);
    if(FAILED(hr))
        ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to get ITypeInfo");
    method = folemethod_s_allocate(cWIN32OLE_METHOD);
    obj = olemethod_from_typeinfo(method, pTypeInfo, cmdname);
    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
    if (obj == Qnil)
        rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "not found %s",
                 StringValuePtr(cmdname));
    return obj;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE#ole_activex_initialize() -> Qnil
 *
 *  Initialize WIN32OLE object(ActiveX Control) by calling
 *  IPersistMemory::InitNew.
 *
 *  Before calling OLE method, some kind of the ActiveX controls
 *  created with MFC should be initialized by calling
 *  IPersistXXX::InitNew.
 *
 *  If and only if you received the exception "HRESULT error code:
 *  0x8000ffff catastrophic failure", try this method before
 *  invoking any ole_method.
 *
 *     obj = WIN32OLE.new("ProgID_or_GUID_of_ActiveX_Control")
 *     obj.ole_activex_initialize
 *     obj.method(...)
 *
 */
static VALUE
fole_activex_initialize(VALUE self)
{
    struct oledata *pole;
    IPersistMemory *pPersistMemory;
    void *p;

    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    OLEData_Get_Struct(self, pole);

    hr = pole->pDispatch->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pole->pDispatch, &IID_IPersistMemory, &p);
    pPersistMemory = p;
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
        hr = pPersistMemory->lpVtbl->InitNew(pPersistMemory);
        OLE_RELEASE(pPersistMemory);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
            return Qnil;
        }
    }

    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "fail to initialize ActiveX control");
    }

    return Qnil;
}

/*
 *   call-seq:
 *      WIN32OLE_TYPE.ole_classes(typelib)
 *
 *   Returns array of WIN32OLE_TYPE objects defined by the <i>typelib</i> type library.
 *   This method will be OBSOLETE. Use WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new(typelib).ole_classes instead.
 */
static VALUE
foletype_s_ole_classes(VALUE self, VALUE typelib)
{
    VALUE obj;

    /*
    rb_warn("%s is obsolete; use %s instead.",
            "WIN32OLE_TYPE.ole_classes",
            "WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new(typelib).ole_types");
    */
    obj = rb_funcall(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, rb_intern("new"), 1, typelib);
    return rb_funcall(obj, rb_intern("ole_types"), 0);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPE.typelibs
 *
 *  Returns array of type libraries.
 *  This method will be OBSOLETE. Use WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.typelibs.collect{|t| t.name} instead.
 *
 */
static VALUE
foletype_s_typelibs(VALUE self)
{
    /*
    rb_warn("%s is obsolete. use %s instead.",
            "WIN32OLE_TYPE.typelibs",
            "WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.typelibs.collect{t|t.name}");
    */
    return rb_eval_string("WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.typelibs.collect{|t|t.name}");
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPE.progids
 *
 *  Returns array of ProgID.
 */
static VALUE
foletype_s_progids(VALUE self)
{
    HKEY hclsids, hclsid;
    DWORD i;
    LONG err;
    VALUE clsid;
    VALUE v = rb_str_new2("");
    VALUE progids = rb_ary_new();

    err = reg_open_key(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, "CLSID", &hclsids);
    if(err != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        return progids;
    }
    for(i = 0; ; i++) {
        clsid = reg_enum_key(hclsids, i);
        if (clsid == Qnil)
            break;
        err = reg_open_vkey(hclsids, clsid, &hclsid);
        if (err != ERROR_SUCCESS)
            continue;
        if ((v = reg_get_val2(hclsid, "ProgID")) != Qnil)
            rb_ary_push(progids, v);
        if ((v = reg_get_val2(hclsid, "VersionIndependentProgID")) != Qnil)
            rb_ary_push(progids, v);
        RegCloseKey(hclsid);
    }
    RegCloseKey(hclsids);
    return progids;
}

static VALUE
foletype_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
{
    struct oletypedata *poletype;
    VALUE obj;
    ole_initialize();
    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass,struct oletypedata,0,oletype_free,poletype);
    poletype->pTypeInfo = NULL;
    return obj;
}

static VALUE
oletype_set_member(VALUE self, ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, VALUE name)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    rb_ivar_set(self, rb_intern("name"), name);
    ptype->pTypeInfo = pTypeInfo;
    if(pTypeInfo) OLE_ADDREF(pTypeInfo);
    return self;
}

static VALUE
oleclass_from_typelib(VALUE self, ITypeLib *pTypeLib, VALUE oleclass)
{

    long count;
    int i;
    HRESULT hr;
    BSTR bstr;
    VALUE typelib;
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;

    VALUE found = Qfalse;

    count = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfoCount(pTypeLib);
    for (i = 0; i < count && found == Qfalse; i++) {
        hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo(pTypeLib, i, &pTypeInfo);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            continue;
        hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetDocumentation(pTypeLib, i,
                                                &bstr, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            continue;
        typelib = WC2VSTR(bstr);
        if (rb_str_cmp(oleclass, typelib) == 0) {
            oletype_set_member(self, pTypeInfo, typelib);
            found = Qtrue;
        }
        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
    }
    return found;
}

/*
 * Document-class: WIN32OLE_TYPELIB
 *
 *   <code>WIN32OLE_TYPELIB</code> objects represent OLE tyblib information.
 */

static VALUE
oletypelib_set_member(VALUE self, ITypeLib *pTypeLib)
{
    struct oletypelibdata *ptlib;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypelibdata, ptlib);
    ptlib->pTypeLib = pTypeLib;
    return self;
}

static ITypeLib *
oletypelib_get_typelib(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypelibdata *ptlib;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypelibdata, ptlib);
    return ptlib->pTypeLib;
}

static void
oletypelib_get_libattr(ITypeLib *pTypeLib, TLIBATTR **ppTLibAttr)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetLibAttr(pTypeLib, ppTLibAttr);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
                  "failed to get library attribute(TLIBATTR) from ITypeLib");
    }
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.typelibs
 *
 *  Returns the array of WIN32OLE_TYPELIB object.
 *
 *     tlibs = WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.typelibs
 *
 */
static VALUE
foletypelib_s_typelibs(VALUE self)
{
    HKEY htypelib, hguid;
    DWORD i, j;
    LONG err;
    VALUE guid;
    VALUE version;
    VALUE name = Qnil;
    VALUE typelibs = rb_ary_new();
    VALUE typelib = Qnil;
    HRESULT hr;
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;

    err = reg_open_key(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, "TypeLib", &htypelib);
    if(err != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        return typelibs;
    }
    for(i = 0; ; i++) {
        guid = reg_enum_key(htypelib, i);
        if (guid == Qnil)
            break;
        err = reg_open_vkey(htypelib, guid, &hguid);
        if (err != ERROR_SUCCESS)
            continue;
        for(j = 0; ; j++) {
            version = reg_enum_key(hguid, j);
            if (version == Qnil)
                break;
            if ( (name = reg_get_val2(hguid, StringValuePtr(version))) != Qnil ) {
                hr = oletypelib_from_guid(guid, version, &pTypeLib);
                if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                    typelib = rb_funcall(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, rb_intern("allocate"), 0);
                    oletypelib_set_member(typelib, pTypeLib);
                    rb_ary_push(typelibs, typelib);
                }
            }
        }
        RegCloseKey(hguid);
    }
    RegCloseKey(htypelib);
    return typelibs;
}

static VALUE
make_version_str(VALUE major, VALUE minor)
{
    VALUE version_str = Qnil;
    VALUE minor_str = Qnil;
    if (major == Qnil) {
        return Qnil;
    }
    version_str = rb_String(major);
    if (minor != Qnil) {
        minor_str = rb_String(minor);
        rb_str_cat2(version_str, ".");
        rb_str_append(version_str, minor_str);
    }
    return version_str;
}

static VALUE
oletypelib_search_registry2(VALUE self, VALUE args)
{
    HKEY htypelib, hguid, hversion;
    double fver;
    DWORD j;
    LONG err;
    VALUE found = Qfalse;
    VALUE tlib;
    VALUE ver;
    VALUE version_str;
    VALUE version = Qnil;
    VALUE typelib = Qnil;
    HRESULT hr;
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;

    VALUE guid = rb_ary_entry(args, 0);
    version_str = make_version_str(rb_ary_entry(args, 1), rb_ary_entry(args, 2));

    err = reg_open_key(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, "TypeLib", &htypelib);
    if(err != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        return Qfalse;
    }
    err = reg_open_vkey(htypelib, guid, &hguid);
    if (err != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        RegCloseKey(htypelib);
        return Qfalse;
    }
    if (version_str != Qnil) {
        err = reg_open_vkey(hguid, version_str, &hversion);
        if (err == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
            tlib = reg_get_val(hversion, NULL);
            if (tlib != Qnil) {
                typelib = tlib;
                version = version_str;
            }
        }
        RegCloseKey(hversion);
    } else {
        fver = 0.0;
            for(j = 0; ;j++) {
                ver = reg_enum_key(hguid, j);
                if (ver == Qnil)
                    break;
                err = reg_open_vkey(hguid, ver, &hversion);
                if (err != ERROR_SUCCESS)
                    continue;
                tlib = reg_get_val(hversion, NULL);
                if (tlib == Qnil) {
                     RegCloseKey(hversion);
                     continue;
                }
                if (fver < atof(StringValuePtr(ver))) {
                    fver = atof(StringValuePtr(ver));
                    version = ver;
                    typelib = tlib;
                }
                RegCloseKey(hversion);
            }
    }
    RegCloseKey(hguid);
    RegCloseKey(htypelib);
    if (typelib != Qnil) {
        hr = oletypelib_from_guid(guid, version, &pTypeLib);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
            found = Qtrue;
            oletypelib_set_member(self, pTypeLib);
        }
    }
    return found;
}

static VALUE
oletypelib_search_registry(VALUE self, VALUE typelib)
{
    HKEY htypelib, hguid, hversion;
    DWORD i, j;
    LONG err;
    VALUE found = Qfalse;
    VALUE tlib;
    VALUE guid;
    VALUE ver;
    HRESULT hr;
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;

    err = reg_open_key(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, "TypeLib", &htypelib);
    if(err != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        return Qfalse;
    }
    for(i = 0; !found; i++) {
        guid = reg_enum_key(htypelib, i);
        if (guid == Qnil)
            break;
        err = reg_open_vkey(htypelib, guid, &hguid);
        if (err != ERROR_SUCCESS)
            continue;
        for(j = 0; found == Qfalse; j++) {
            ver = reg_enum_key(hguid, j);
            if (ver == Qnil)
                break;
            err = reg_open_vkey(hguid, ver, &hversion);
            if (err != ERROR_SUCCESS)
                continue;
            tlib = reg_get_val(hversion, NULL);
            if (tlib == Qnil) {
                RegCloseKey(hversion);
                continue;
            }
            if (rb_str_cmp(typelib, tlib) == 0) {
                hr = oletypelib_from_guid(guid, ver, &pTypeLib);
                if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                    oletypelib_set_member(self, pTypeLib);
                    found = Qtrue;
                }
            }
            RegCloseKey(hversion);
        }
        RegCloseKey(hguid);
    }
    RegCloseKey(htypelib);
    return  found;
}

static VALUE
foletypelib_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
{
    struct oletypelibdata *poletypelib;
    VALUE obj;
    ole_initialize();
    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass, struct oletypelibdata, 0, oletypelib_free, poletypelib);
    poletypelib->pTypeLib = NULL;
    return obj;
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 *    WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new(typelib [, version1, version2]) -> WIN32OLE_TYPELIB object
 *
 * Returns a new WIN32OLE_TYPELIB object.
 *
 * The first argument <i>typelib</i>  specifies OLE type library name or GUID or
 * OLE library file.
 * The second argument is major version or version of the type library.
 * The third argument is minor version.
 * The second argument and third argument are optional.
 * If the first argument is type library name, then the second and third argument
 * are ignored.
 *
 *     tlib1 = WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library')
 *     tlib2 = WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new('{00020813-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}')
 *     tlib3 = WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new('{00020813-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}', 1.3)
 *     tlib4 = WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new('{00020813-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}', 1, 3)
 *     tlib5 = WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new("C:\\WINNT\\SYSTEM32\\SHELL32.DLL")
 *     puts tlib1.name  # -> 'Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library'
 *     puts tlib2.name  # -> 'Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library'
 *     puts tlib3.name  # -> 'Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library'
 *     puts tlib4.name  # -> 'Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library'
 *     puts tlib5.name  # -> 'Microsoft Shell Controls And Automation'
 *
 */
static VALUE
foletypelib_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE args)
{
    VALUE found = Qfalse;
    VALUE typelib = Qnil;
    int len = 0;
    OLECHAR * pbuf;
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    len = RARRAY_LEN(args);
    if (len < 1 || len > 3) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1..3)", len);
    }

    typelib = rb_ary_entry(args, 0);

    SafeStringValue(typelib);

    found = oletypelib_search_registry(self, typelib);
    if (found == Qfalse) {
        found = oletypelib_search_registry2(self, args);
    }
    if (found == Qfalse) {
        pbuf = ole_vstr2wc(typelib);
        hr = LoadTypeLibEx(pbuf, REGKIND_NONE, &pTypeLib);
        SysFreeString(pbuf);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
            found = Qtrue;
            oletypelib_set_member(self, pTypeLib);
        }
    }

    if (found == Qfalse) {
        rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "not found type library `%s`",
                 StringValuePtr(typelib));
    }
    return self;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPELIB#guid -> The guid string.
 *
 *  Returns guid string which specifies type library.
 *
 *     tlib = WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library')
 *     guid = tlib.guid # -> '{00020813-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}'
 */
static VALUE
foletypelib_guid(VALUE self)
{
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;
    OLECHAR bstr[80];
    VALUE guid = Qnil;
    int len;
    TLIBATTR *pTLibAttr;

    pTypeLib = oletypelib_get_typelib(self);
    oletypelib_get_libattr(pTypeLib, &pTLibAttr);
    len = StringFromGUID2(&pTLibAttr->guid, bstr, sizeof(bstr)/sizeof(OLECHAR));
    if (len > 3) {
        guid = ole_wc2vstr(bstr, FALSE);
    }
    pTypeLib->lpVtbl->ReleaseTLibAttr(pTypeLib, pTLibAttr);
    return guid;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPELIB#name -> The type library name
 *
 *  Returns the type library name.
 *
 *     tlib = WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library')
 *     name = tlib.name # -> 'Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library'
 */
static VALUE
foletypelib_name(VALUE self)
{
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;
    HRESULT hr;
    BSTR bstr;
    VALUE name;
    pTypeLib = oletypelib_get_typelib(self);
    hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetDocumentation(pTypeLib, -1,
                                            NULL, &bstr, NULL, NULL);

    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to get name from ITypeLib");
    }
    name = WC2VSTR(bstr);
    return rb_enc_str_new(StringValuePtr(name), strlen(StringValuePtr(name)), cWIN32OLE_enc);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPELIB#version -> The type library version.
 *
 *  Returns the type library version.
 *
 *     tlib = WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library')
 *     puts tlib.version #-> 1.3
 */
static VALUE
foletypelib_version(VALUE self)
{
    TLIBATTR *pTLibAttr;
    VALUE major;
    VALUE minor;
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;

    pTypeLib = oletypelib_get_typelib(self);
    oletypelib_get_libattr(pTypeLib, &pTLibAttr);
    major = INT2NUM(pTLibAttr->wMajorVerNum);
    minor = INT2NUM(pTLibAttr->wMinorVerNum);
    pTypeLib->lpVtbl->ReleaseTLibAttr(pTypeLib, pTLibAttr);
    return rb_Float(make_version_str(major, minor));
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPELIB#major_version -> The type library major version.
 *
 *  Returns the type library major version.
 *
 *     tlib = WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library')
 *     puts tlib.major_version # -> 1
 */
static VALUE
foletypelib_major_version(VALUE self)
{
    TLIBATTR *pTLibAttr;
    VALUE major;
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;
    pTypeLib = oletypelib_get_typelib(self);
    oletypelib_get_libattr(pTypeLib, &pTLibAttr);

    major =  INT2NUM(pTLibAttr->wMajorVerNum);
    pTypeLib->lpVtbl->ReleaseTLibAttr(pTypeLib, pTLibAttr);
    return major;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPELIB#minor_version -> The type library minor version.
 *
 *  Returns the type library minor version.
 *
 *     tlib = WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library')
 *     puts tlib.minor_version # -> 3
 */
static VALUE
foletypelib_minor_version(VALUE self)
{
    TLIBATTR *pTLibAttr;
    VALUE minor;
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;
    pTypeLib = oletypelib_get_typelib(self);
    oletypelib_get_libattr(pTypeLib, &pTLibAttr);
    minor =  INT2NUM(pTLibAttr->wMinorVerNum);
    pTypeLib->lpVtbl->ReleaseTLibAttr(pTypeLib, pTLibAttr);
    return minor;
}

static VALUE
oletypelib_path(VALUE guid, VALUE version)
{
    int k;
    LONG err;
    HKEY hkey;
    HKEY hlang;
    VALUE lang;
    VALUE path = Qnil;

    VALUE key = rb_str_new2("TypeLib\\");
    rb_str_concat(key, guid);
    rb_str_cat2(key, "\\");
    rb_str_concat(key, version);

    err = reg_open_vkey(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, key, &hkey);
    if (err != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        return Qnil;
    }
    for(k = 0; path == Qnil; k++) {
        lang = reg_enum_key(hkey, k);
        if (lang == Qnil)
            break;
        err = reg_open_vkey(hkey, lang, &hlang);
        if (err == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
            path = reg_get_typelib_file_path(hlang);
            RegCloseKey(hlang);
        }
    }
    RegCloseKey(hkey);
    return path;
}

static HRESULT
oletypelib_from_guid(VALUE guid, VALUE version, ITypeLib **ppTypeLib)
{
    VALUE path;
    OLECHAR *pBuf;
    HRESULT hr;
    path = oletypelib_path(guid, version);
    if (path == Qnil) {
        return E_UNEXPECTED;
    }
    pBuf = ole_vstr2wc(path);
    hr = LoadTypeLibEx(pBuf, REGKIND_NONE, ppTypeLib);
    SysFreeString(pBuf);
    return hr;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPELIB#path -> The type library file path.
 *
 *  Returns the type library file path.
 *
 *     tlib = WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library')
 *     puts tlib.path #-> 'C:\...\EXCEL9.OLB'
 */
static VALUE
foletypelib_path(VALUE self)
{
    TLIBATTR *pTLibAttr;
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    BSTR bstr;
    LCID lcid = cWIN32OLE_lcid;
    VALUE path;
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;

    pTypeLib = oletypelib_get_typelib(self);
    oletypelib_get_libattr(pTypeLib, &pTLibAttr);
    hr = QueryPathOfRegTypeLib(&pTLibAttr->guid,
                               pTLibAttr->wMajorVerNum,
                               pTLibAttr->wMinorVerNum,
                               lcid,
                               &bstr);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        pTypeLib->lpVtbl->ReleaseTLibAttr(pTypeLib, pTLibAttr);
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to QueryPathOfRegTypeTypeLib");
    }

    pTypeLib->lpVtbl->ReleaseTLibAttr(pTypeLib, pTLibAttr);
    path = WC2VSTR(bstr);
    return rb_enc_str_new(StringValuePtr(path), strlen(StringValuePtr(path)), cWIN32OLE_enc);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPELIB#visible?
 *
 *  Returns true if the type library information is not hidden.
 *  If wLibFlags of TLIBATTR is 0 or LIBFLAG_FRESTRICTED or LIBFLAG_FHIDDEN,
 *  the method returns false, otherwise, returns true.
 *  If the method fails to access the TLIBATTR information, then
 *  WIN32OLERuntimeError is raised.
 *
 *     tlib = WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library')
 *     tlib.visible? # => true
 */
static VALUE
foletypelib_visible(VALUE self)
{
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib = NULL;
    VALUE visible = Qtrue;
    TLIBATTR *pTLibAttr;

    pTypeLib = oletypelib_get_typelib(self);
    oletypelib_get_libattr(pTypeLib, &pTLibAttr);

    if ((pTLibAttr->wLibFlags == 0) ||
        (pTLibAttr->wLibFlags & LIBFLAG_FRESTRICTED) ||
        (pTLibAttr->wLibFlags & LIBFLAG_FHIDDEN)) {
        visible = Qfalse;
    }
    pTypeLib->lpVtbl->ReleaseTLibAttr(pTypeLib, pTLibAttr);
    return visible;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPELIB#library_name
 *
 *  Returns library name.
 *  If the method fails to access library name, WIN32OLERuntimeError is raised.
 *
 *     tlib = WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library')
 *     tlib.library_name # => Excel
 */
static VALUE
foletypelib_library_name(VALUE self)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib = NULL;
    VALUE libname = Qnil;
    BSTR bstr;

    pTypeLib = oletypelib_get_typelib(self);
    hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetDocumentation(pTypeLib, -1,
                                            &bstr, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to get library name");
    }
    libname = WC2VSTR(bstr);
    return libname;
}


/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPELIB#ole_types -> The array of WIN32OLE_TYPE object included the type library.
 *
 *  Returns the type library file path.
 *
 *     tlib = WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library')
 *     classes = tlib.ole_types.collect{|k| k.name} # -> ['AddIn', 'AddIns' ...]
 */
static VALUE
foletypelib_ole_types(VALUE self)
{
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib = NULL;
    VALUE classes = rb_ary_new();
    pTypeLib = oletypelib_get_typelib(self);
    ole_types_from_typelib(pTypeLib, classes);
    return classes;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPELIB#inspect -> String
 *
 *  Returns the type library name with class name.
 *
 *     tlib = WIN32OLE_TYPELIB.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library')
 *     tlib.inspect # => "<#WIN32OLE_TYPELIB:Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library>"
 */
static VALUE
foletypelib_inspect(VALUE self)
{
    return default_inspect(self, "WIN32OLE_TYPELIB");
}

/*
 * Document-class: WIN32OLE_TYPE
 *
 *   <code>WIN32OLE_TYPE</code> objects represent OLE type libarary information.
 */

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPE.new(typelib, ole_class) -> WIN32OLE_TYPE object
 *
 *  Returns a new WIN32OLE_TYPE object.
 *  The first argument <i>typelib</i> specifies OLE type library name.
 *  The second argument specifies OLE class name.
 *
 *      WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Application')
 *          # => WIN32OLE_TYPE object of Application class of Excel.
 */
static VALUE
foletype_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE typelib, VALUE oleclass)
{
    VALUE file;
    OLECHAR * pbuf;
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;
    HRESULT hr;

    SafeStringValue(oleclass);
    SafeStringValue(typelib);
    file = typelib_file(typelib);
    if (file == Qnil) {
        file = typelib;
    }
    pbuf = ole_vstr2wc(file);
    hr = LoadTypeLibEx(pbuf, REGKIND_NONE, &pTypeLib);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to LoadTypeLibEx");
    SysFreeString(pbuf);
    if (oleclass_from_typelib(self, pTypeLib, oleclass) == Qfalse) {
        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeLib);
        rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "not found `%s` in `%s`",
                 StringValuePtr(oleclass), StringValuePtr(typelib));
    }
    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeLib);
    return self;
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 *    WIN32OLE_TYPE#name #=> OLE type name
 *
 * Returns OLE type name.
 *    tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Application')
 *    puts tobj.name  # => Application
 */
static VALUE
foletype_name(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("name"));
}

static VALUE
ole_ole_type(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr;
    VALUE type = Qnil;
    hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
    if(FAILED(hr)){
        return type;
    }
    switch(pTypeAttr->typekind) {
    case TKIND_ENUM:
        type = rb_str_new2("Enum");
        break;
    case TKIND_RECORD:
        type = rb_str_new2("Record");
        break;
    case TKIND_MODULE:
        type = rb_str_new2("Module");
        break;
    case TKIND_INTERFACE:
        type = rb_str_new2("Interface");
        break;
    case TKIND_DISPATCH:
        type = rb_str_new2("Dispatch");
        break;
    case TKIND_COCLASS:
        type = rb_str_new2("Class");
        break;
    case TKIND_ALIAS:
        type = rb_str_new2("Alias");
        break;
    case TKIND_UNION:
        type = rb_str_new2("Union");
        break;
    case TKIND_MAX:
        type = rb_str_new2("Max");
        break;
    default:
        type = Qnil;
        break;
    }
    OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
    return type;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPE#ole_type #=> OLE type string.
 *
 *  returns type of OLE class.
 *    tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Application')
 *    puts tobj.ole_type  # => Class
 */
static VALUE
foletype_ole_type(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_ole_type(ptype->pTypeInfo);
}

static VALUE
ole_type_guid(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr;
    int len;
    OLECHAR bstr[80];
    VALUE guid = Qnil;
    hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return guid;
    len = StringFromGUID2(&pTypeAttr->guid, bstr, sizeof(bstr)/sizeof(OLECHAR));
    if (len > 3) {
        guid = ole_wc2vstr(bstr, FALSE);
    }
    OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
    return guid;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPE#guid  #=> GUID
 *
 *  Returns GUID.
 *    tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Application')
 *    puts tobj.guid  # => {00024500-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}
 */
static VALUE
foletype_guid(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_type_guid(ptype->pTypeInfo);
}

static VALUE
ole_type_progid(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr;
    OLECHAR *pbuf;
    VALUE progid = Qnil;
    hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return progid;
    hr = ProgIDFromCLSID(&pTypeAttr->guid, &pbuf);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
        progid = ole_wc2vstr(pbuf, FALSE);
        CoTaskMemFree(pbuf);
    }
    OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
    return progid;
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 *    WIN32OLE_TYPE#progid  #=> ProgID
 *
 * Returns ProgID if it exists. If not found, then returns nil.
 *    tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Application')
 *    puts tobj.progid  # =>   Excel.Application.9
 */
static VALUE
foletype_progid(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_type_progid(ptype->pTypeInfo);
}


static VALUE
ole_type_visible(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr;
    VALUE visible;
    hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return Qtrue;
    if (pTypeAttr->wTypeFlags & (TYPEFLAG_FHIDDEN | TYPEFLAG_FRESTRICTED)) {
        visible = Qfalse;
    } else {
        visible = Qtrue;
    }
    OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
    return visible;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *    WIN32OLE_TYPE#visible  #=> true or false
 *
 *  Returns true if the OLE class is public.
 *    tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Application')
 *    puts tobj.visible  # => true
 */
static VALUE
foletype_visible(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_type_visible(ptype->pTypeInfo);
}

static VALUE
ole_type_major_version(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo)
{
    VALUE ver;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr;
    HRESULT hr;
    hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to GetTypeAttr");
    ver = INT2FIX(pTypeAttr->wMajorVerNum);
    OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
    return ver;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPE#major_version
 *
 *  Returns major version.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Word 10.0 Object Library', 'Documents')
 *     puts tobj.major_version # => 8
 */
static VALUE
foletype_major_version(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_type_major_version(ptype->pTypeInfo);
}

static VALUE
ole_type_minor_version(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo)
{
    VALUE ver;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr;
    HRESULT hr;
    hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to GetTypeAttr");
    ver = INT2FIX(pTypeAttr->wMinorVerNum);
    OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
    return ver;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *    WIN32OLE_TYPE#minor_version #=> OLE minor version
 *
 *  Returns minor version.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Word 10.0 Object Library', 'Documents')
 *     puts tobj.minor_version # => 2
 */
static VALUE
foletype_minor_version(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_type_minor_version(ptype->pTypeInfo);
}

static VALUE
ole_type_typekind(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo)
{
    VALUE typekind;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr;
    HRESULT hr;
    hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to GetTypeAttr");
    typekind = INT2FIX(pTypeAttr->typekind);
    OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
    return typekind;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *    WIN32OLE_TYPE#typekind #=> number of type.
 *
 *  Returns number which represents type.
 *    tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Word 10.0 Object Library', 'Documents')
 *    puts tobj.typekind # => 4
 *
 */
static VALUE
foletype_typekind(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_type_typekind(ptype->pTypeInfo);
}

static VALUE
ole_type_helpstring(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    BSTR bhelpstr;
    hr = ole_docinfo_from_type(pTypeInfo, NULL, &bhelpstr, NULL, NULL);
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        return Qnil;
    }
    return WC2VSTR(bhelpstr);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *    WIN32OLE_TYPE#helpstring #=> help string.
 *
 *  Returns help string.
 *    tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Internet Controls', 'IWebBrowser')
 *    puts tobj.helpstring # => Web Browser interface
 */
static VALUE
foletype_helpstring(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_type_helpstring(ptype->pTypeInfo);
}

static VALUE
ole_type_src_type(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr;
    VALUE alias = Qnil;
    hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return alias;
    if(pTypeAttr->typekind != TKIND_ALIAS) {
        OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
        return alias;
    }
    alias = ole_typedesc2val(pTypeInfo, &(pTypeAttr->tdescAlias), Qnil);
    OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
    return alias;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPE#src_type #=> OLE source class
 *
 *  Returns source class when the OLE class is 'Alias'.
 *     tobj =  WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Office 9.0 Object Library', 'MsoRGBType')
 *     puts tobj.src_type # => I4
 *
 */
static VALUE
foletype_src_type(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_type_src_type(ptype->pTypeInfo);
}

static VALUE
ole_type_helpfile(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    BSTR bhelpfile;
    hr = ole_docinfo_from_type(pTypeInfo, NULL, NULL, NULL, &bhelpfile);
    if(FAILED(hr)) {
        return Qnil;
    }
    return WC2VSTR(bhelpfile);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPE#helpfile
 *
 *  Returns helpfile path. If helpfile is not found, then returns nil.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Worksheet')
 *     puts tobj.helpfile # => C:\...\VBAXL9.CHM
 *
 */
static VALUE
foletype_helpfile(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_type_helpfile(ptype->pTypeInfo);
}

static VALUE
ole_type_helpcontext(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    DWORD helpcontext;
    hr = ole_docinfo_from_type(pTypeInfo, NULL, NULL,
                               &helpcontext, NULL);
    if(FAILED(hr))
        return Qnil;
    return INT2FIX(helpcontext);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPE#helpcontext
 *
 *  Returns helpcontext. If helpcontext is not found, then returns nil.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Worksheet')
 *     puts tobj.helpfile # => 131185
 */
static VALUE
foletype_helpcontext(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_type_helpcontext(ptype->pTypeInfo);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPE#ole_typelib
 *
 *  Returns the WIN32OLE_TYPELIB object which is including the WIN32OLE_TYPE
 *  object. If it is not found, then returns nil.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Worksheet')
 *     puts tobj.ole_typelib # => 'Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library'
 */
static VALUE
foletype_ole_typelib(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_typelib_from_itypeinfo(ptype->pTypeInfo);
}

static VALUE
ole_type_impl_ole_types(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, int implflags)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    ITypeInfo *pRefTypeInfo;
    HREFTYPE href;
    WORD i;
    VALUE type;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr;
    int flags;

    VALUE types = rb_ary_new();
    hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return types;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < pTypeAttr->cImplTypes; i++) {
        hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetImplTypeFlags(pTypeInfo, i, &flags);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            continue;

        hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetRefTypeOfImplType(pTypeInfo, i, &href);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            continue;
        hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetRefTypeInfo(pTypeInfo, href, &pRefTypeInfo);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            continue;

        if ((flags & implflags) == implflags) {
            type = ole_type_from_itypeinfo(pRefTypeInfo);
            if (type != Qnil) {
                rb_ary_push(types, type);
            }
        }

        OLE_RELEASE(pRefTypeInfo);
    }
    OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
    return types;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPE#implemented_ole_types
 *
 *  Returns the array of WIN32OLE_TYPE object which is implemented by the WIN32OLE_TYPE
 *  object.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Worksheet')
 *     p tobj.implemented_ole_types # => [_Worksheet, DocEvents]
 */
static VALUE
foletype_impl_ole_types(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_type_impl_ole_types(ptype->pTypeInfo, 0);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPE#source_ole_types
 *
 *  Returns the array of WIN32OLE_TYPE object which is implemented by the WIN32OLE_TYPE
 *  object and having IMPLTYPEFLAG_FSOURCE.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Internet Controls', "InternetExplorer")
 *     p tobj.source_ole_types
 *     # => [#<WIN32OLE_TYPE:DWebBrowserEvents2>, #<WIN32OLE_TYPE:DWebBrowserEvents>]
 */
static VALUE
foletype_source_ole_types(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_type_impl_ole_types(ptype->pTypeInfo, IMPLTYPEFLAG_FSOURCE);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPE#default_event_sources
 *
 *  Returns the array of WIN32OLE_TYPE object which is implemented by the WIN32OLE_TYPE
 *  object and having IMPLTYPEFLAG_FSOURCE and IMPLTYPEFLAG_FDEFAULT.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Internet Controls', "InternetExplorer")
 *     p tobj.default_event_sources  # => [#<WIN32OLE_TYPE:DWebBrowserEvents2>]
 */
static VALUE
foletype_default_event_sources(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_type_impl_ole_types(ptype->pTypeInfo, IMPLTYPEFLAG_FSOURCE|IMPLTYPEFLAG_FDEFAULT);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPE#default_ole_types
 *
 *  Returns the array of WIN32OLE_TYPE object which is implemented by the WIN32OLE_TYPE
 *  object and having IMPLTYPEFLAG_FDEFAULT.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Internet Controls', "InternetExplorer")
 *     p tobj.default_ole_types
 *     # => [#<WIN32OLE_TYPE:IWebBrowser2>, #<WIN32OLE_TYPE:DWebBrowserEvents2>]
 */
static VALUE
foletype_default_ole_types(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_type_impl_ole_types(ptype->pTypeInfo, IMPLTYPEFLAG_FDEFAULT);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPE#inspect -> String
 *
 *  Returns the type name with class name.
 *
 *     ie = WIN32OLE.new('InternetExplorer.Application')
 *     ie.ole_type.inspect => #<WIN32OLE_TYPE:IWebBrowser2>
 */
static VALUE
foletype_inspect(VALUE self)
{
    return default_inspect(self, "WIN32OLE_TYPE");
}

static VALUE
ole_variables(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr;
    WORD i;
    UINT len;
    BSTR bstr;
    char *pstr;
    VARDESC *pVarDesc;
    struct olevariabledata *pvar;
    VALUE var;
    VALUE variables = rb_ary_new();
    hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to GetTypeAttr");
    }

    for(i = 0; i < pTypeAttr->cVars; i++) {
        hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetVarDesc(pTypeInfo, i, &pVarDesc);
        if(FAILED(hr))
            continue;
        len = 0;
        pstr = NULL;
        hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetNames(pTypeInfo, pVarDesc->memid, &bstr,
                                         1, &len);
        if(FAILED(hr) || len == 0 || !bstr)
            continue;

        var = Data_Make_Struct(cWIN32OLE_VARIABLE, struct olevariabledata,
                               0,olevariable_free,pvar);
        pvar->pTypeInfo = pTypeInfo;
        OLE_ADDREF(pTypeInfo);
        pvar->index = i;
        rb_ivar_set(var, rb_intern("name"), WC2VSTR(bstr));
        rb_ary_push(variables, var);

        pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseVarDesc(pTypeInfo, pVarDesc);
        pVarDesc = NULL;
    }
    OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
    return variables;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPE#variables
 *
 *  Returns array of WIN32OLE_VARIABLE objects which represent variables
 *  defined in OLE class.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'XlSheetType')
 *     vars = tobj.variables
 *     vars.each do |v|
 *       puts "#{v.name} = #{v.value}"
 *     end
 *
 *     The result of above sample script is follows:
 *       xlChart = -4109
 *       xlDialogSheet = -4116
 *       xlExcel4IntlMacroSheet = 4
 *       xlExcel4MacroSheet = 3
 *       xlWorksheet = -4167
 *
 */
static VALUE
foletype_variables(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_variables(ptype->pTypeInfo);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_TYPE#ole_methods # the array of WIN32OLE_METHOD objects.
 *
 *  Returns array of WIN32OLE_METHOD objects which represent OLE method defined in
 *  OLE type library.
 *    tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Worksheet')
 *    methods = tobj.ole_methods.collect{|m|
 *      m.name
 *    }
 *    # => ['Activate', 'Copy', 'Delete',....]
 */
static VALUE
foletype_methods(VALUE self)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oletypedata, ptype);
    return ole_methods_from_typeinfo(ptype->pTypeInfo, INVOKE_FUNC | INVOKE_PROPERTYGET | INVOKE_PROPERTYPUT | INVOKE_PROPERTYPUTREF);
}

/*
 * Document-class: WIN32OLE_VARIABLE
 *
 *   <code>WIN32OLE_VARIABLE</code> objects represent OLE variable information.
 */

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_VARIABLE#name
 *
 *  Returns the name of variable.
 *
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'XlSheetType')
 *     variables = tobj.variables
 *     variables.each do |variable|
 *       puts "#{variable.name}"
 *     end
 *
 *     The result of above script is following:
 *       xlChart
 *       xlDialogSheet
 *       xlExcel4IntlMacroSheet
 *       xlExcel4MacroSheet
 *       xlWorksheet
 *
 */
static VALUE
folevariable_name(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("name"));
}

static VALUE
ole_variable_ole_type(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT var_index)
{
    VARDESC *pVarDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE type;
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetVarDesc(pTypeInfo, var_index, &pVarDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to GetVarDesc");
    type = ole_typedesc2val(pTypeInfo, &(pVarDesc->elemdescVar.tdesc), Qnil);
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseVarDesc(pTypeInfo, pVarDesc);
    return type;
}

/*
 *   call-seq:
 *      WIN32OLE_VARIABLE#ole_type
 *
 *   Returns OLE type string.
 *
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'XlSheetType')
 *     variables = tobj.variables
 *     variables.each do |variable|
 *       puts "#{variable.ole_type} #{variable.name}"
 *     end
 *
 *     The result of above script is following:
 *       INT xlChart
 *       INT xlDialogSheet
 *       INT xlExcel4IntlMacroSheet
 *       INT xlExcel4MacroSheet
 *       INT xlWorksheet
 *
 */
static VALUE
folevariable_ole_type(VALUE self)
{
    struct olevariabledata *pvar;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olevariabledata, pvar);
    return ole_variable_ole_type(pvar->pTypeInfo, pvar->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_variable_ole_type_detail(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT var_index)
{
    VARDESC *pVarDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE type = rb_ary_new();
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetVarDesc(pTypeInfo, var_index, &pVarDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to GetVarDesc");
    ole_typedesc2val(pTypeInfo, &(pVarDesc->elemdescVar.tdesc), type);
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseVarDesc(pTypeInfo, pVarDesc);
    return type;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_VARIABLE#ole_type_detail
 *
 *  Returns detail information of type. The information is array of type.
 *
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('DirectX 7 for Visual Basic Type Library', 'D3DCLIPSTATUS')
 *     variable = tobj.variables.find {|variable| variable.name == 'lFlags'}
 *     tdetail  = variable.ole_type_detail
 *     p tdetail # => ["USERDEFINED", "CONST_D3DCLIPSTATUSFLAGS"]
 *
 */
static VALUE
folevariable_ole_type_detail(VALUE self)
{
    struct olevariabledata *pvar;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olevariabledata, pvar);
    return ole_variable_ole_type_detail(pvar->pTypeInfo, pvar->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_variable_value(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT var_index)
{
    VARDESC *pVarDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE val = Qnil;
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetVarDesc(pTypeInfo, var_index, &pVarDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return Qnil;
    if(pVarDesc->varkind == VAR_CONST)
        val = ole_variant2val(V_UNION1(pVarDesc, lpvarValue));
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseVarDesc(pTypeInfo, pVarDesc);
    return val;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_VARIABLE#value
 *
 *  Returns value if value is exists. If the value does not exist,
 *  this method returns nil.
 *
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'XlSheetType')
 *     variables = tobj.variables
 *     variables.each do |variable|
 *       puts "#{variable.name} #{variable.value}"
 *     end
 *
 *     The result of above script is following:
 *       xlChart = -4109
 *       xlDialogSheet = -4116
 *       xlExcel4IntlMacroSheet = 4
 *       xlExcel4MacroSheet = 3
 *       xlWorksheet = -4167
 *
 */
static VALUE
folevariable_value(VALUE self)
{
    struct olevariabledata *pvar;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olevariabledata, pvar);
    return ole_variable_value(pvar->pTypeInfo, pvar->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_variable_visible(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT var_index)
{
    VARDESC *pVarDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE visible = Qfalse;
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetVarDesc(pTypeInfo, var_index, &pVarDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return visible;
    if (!(pVarDesc->wVarFlags & (VARFLAG_FHIDDEN |
                                 VARFLAG_FRESTRICTED |
                                 VARFLAG_FNONBROWSABLE))) {
        visible = Qtrue;
    }
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseVarDesc(pTypeInfo, pVarDesc);
    return visible;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_VARIABLE#visible?
 *
 *  Returns true if the variable is public.
 *
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'XlSheetType')
 *     variables = tobj.variables
 *     variables.each do |variable|
 *       puts "#{variable.name} #{variable.visible?}"
 *     end
 *
 *     The result of above script is following:
 *       xlChart true
 *       xlDialogSheet true
 *       xlExcel4IntlMacroSheet true
 *       xlExcel4MacroSheet true
 *       xlWorksheet true
 *
 */
static VALUE
folevariable_visible(VALUE self)
{
    struct olevariabledata *pvar;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olevariabledata, pvar);
    return ole_variable_visible(pvar->pTypeInfo, pvar->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_variable_kind(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT var_index)
{
    VARDESC *pVarDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE kind = rb_str_new2("UNKNOWN");
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetVarDesc(pTypeInfo, var_index, &pVarDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return kind;
    switch(pVarDesc->varkind) {
    case VAR_PERINSTANCE:
        kind = rb_str_new2("PERINSTANCE");
        break;
    case VAR_STATIC:
        kind = rb_str_new2("STATIC");
        break;
    case VAR_CONST:
        kind = rb_str_new2("CONSTANT");
        break;
    case VAR_DISPATCH:
        kind = rb_str_new2("DISPATCH");
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseVarDesc(pTypeInfo, pVarDesc);
    return kind;
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 *   WIN32OLE_VARIABLE#variable_kind
 *
 * Returns variable kind string.
 *
 *    tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'XlSheetType')
 *    variables = tobj.variables
 *    variables.each do |variable|
 *      puts "#{variable.name} #{variable.variable_kind}"
 *    end
 *
 *    The result of above script is following:
 *      xlChart CONSTANT
 *      xlDialogSheet CONSTANT
 *      xlExcel4IntlMacroSheet CONSTANT
 *      xlExcel4MacroSheet CONSTANT
 *      xlWorksheet CONSTANT
 */
static VALUE
folevariable_variable_kind(VALUE self)
{
    struct olevariabledata *pvar;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olevariabledata, pvar);
    return ole_variable_kind(pvar->pTypeInfo, pvar->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_variable_varkind(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT var_index)
{
    VARDESC *pVarDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE kind = Qnil;
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetVarDesc(pTypeInfo, var_index, &pVarDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return kind;
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseVarDesc(pTypeInfo, pVarDesc);
    kind = INT2FIX(pVarDesc->varkind);
    return kind;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_VARIABLE#varkind
 *
 *  Returns the number which represents variable kind.
 *    tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'XlSheetType')
 *    variables = tobj.variables
 *    variables.each do |variable|
 *      puts "#{variable.name} #{variable.varkind}"
 *    end
 *
 *    The result of above script is following:
 *       xlChart 2
 *       xlDialogSheet 2
 *       xlExcel4IntlMacroSheet 2
 *       xlExcel4MacroSheet 2
 *       xlWorksheet 2
 */
static VALUE
folevariable_varkind(VALUE self)
{
    struct olevariabledata *pvar;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olevariabledata, pvar);
    return ole_variable_varkind(pvar->pTypeInfo, pvar->index);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_VARIABLE#inspect -> String
 *
 *  Returns the OLE variable name and the value with class name.
 *
 */
static VALUE
folevariable_inspect(VALUE self)
{
    VALUE detail = rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("to_s"), 0);
    rb_str_cat2(detail, "=");
    rb_str_concat(detail, rb_funcall(rb_funcall(self, rb_intern("value"), 0), rb_intern("inspect"), 0));
    return make_inspect("WIN32OLE_VARIABLE", detail);
}

/*
 * Document-class: WIN32OLE_METHOD
 *
 *   <code>WIN32OLE_METHOD</code> objects represent OLE method information.
 */

static VALUE
olemethod_set_member(VALUE self, ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, ITypeInfo *pOwnerTypeInfo, int index, VALUE name)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);
    pmethod->pTypeInfo = pTypeInfo;
    OLE_ADDREF(pTypeInfo);
    pmethod->pOwnerTypeInfo = pOwnerTypeInfo;
    if(pOwnerTypeInfo) OLE_ADDREF(pOwnerTypeInfo);
    pmethod->index = index;
    rb_ivar_set(self, rb_intern("name"), name);
    return self;
}

static VALUE
folemethod_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    VALUE obj;
    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass,
                           struct olemethoddata,
                           0, olemethod_free, pmethod);
    pmethod->pTypeInfo = NULL;
    pmethod->pOwnerTypeInfo = NULL;
    pmethod->index = 0;
    return obj;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(ole_type,  method) -> WIN32OLE_METHOD object
 *
 *  Returns a new WIN32OLE_METHOD object which represents the information
 *  about OLE method.
 *  The first argument <i>ole_type</i> specifies WIN32OLE_TYPE object.
 *  The second argument <i>method</i> specifies OLE method name defined OLE class
 *  which represents WIN32OLE_TYPE object.
 *
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbook')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'SaveAs')
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE oletype, VALUE method)
{
    struct oletypedata *ptype;
    VALUE obj = Qnil;
    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(oletype, cWIN32OLE_TYPE)) {
        SafeStringValue(method);
        Data_Get_Struct(oletype, struct oletypedata, ptype);
        obj = olemethod_from_typeinfo(self, ptype->pTypeInfo, method);
        if (obj == Qnil) {
            rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "not found %s",
                     StringValuePtr(method));
        }
    }
    else {
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "1st argument should be WIN32OLE_TYPE object");
    }
    return obj;
}

/*
 *  call-seq
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD#name
 *
 *  Returns the name of the method.
 *
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbook')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'SaveAs')
 *     puts method.name # => SaveAs
 *
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_name(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("name"));
}

static VALUE
ole_method_return_type(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index)
{
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE type;

    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, method_index, &pFuncDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to GetFuncDesc");

    type = ole_typedesc2val(pTypeInfo, &(pFuncDesc->elemdescFunc.tdesc), Qnil);
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
    return type;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD#return_type
 *
 *  Returns string of return value type of method.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbooks')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'Add')
 *     puts method.return_type # => Workbook
 *
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_return_type(VALUE self)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);
    return ole_method_return_type(pmethod->pTypeInfo, pmethod->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_method_return_vtype(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index)
{
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE vvt;

    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, method_index, &pFuncDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to GetFuncDesc");

    vvt = INT2FIX(pFuncDesc->elemdescFunc.tdesc.vt);
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
    return vvt;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD#return_vtype
 *
 *  Returns number of return value type of method.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbooks')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'Add')
 *     puts method.return_vtype # => 26
 *
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_return_vtype(VALUE self)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);
    return ole_method_return_vtype(pmethod->pTypeInfo, pmethod->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_method_return_type_detail(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index)
{
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE type = rb_ary_new();

    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, method_index, &pFuncDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return type;

    ole_typedesc2val(pTypeInfo, &(pFuncDesc->elemdescFunc.tdesc), type);
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
    return type;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD#return_type_detail
 *
 *  Returns detail information of return value type of method.
 *  The information is array.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbooks')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'Add')
 *     p method.return_type_detail # => ["PTR", "USERDEFINED", "Workbook"]
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_return_type_detail(VALUE self)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);
    return ole_method_return_type_detail(pmethod->pTypeInfo, pmethod->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_method_invkind(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index)
{
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE invkind;
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, method_index, &pFuncDesc);
    if(FAILED(hr))
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to GetFuncDesc");
    invkind = INT2FIX(pFuncDesc->invkind);
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
    return invkind;
}

static VALUE
ole_method_invoke_kind(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index)
{
    VALUE type = rb_str_new2("UNKNOWN");
    VALUE invkind = ole_method_invkind(pTypeInfo, method_index);
    if((FIX2INT(invkind) & INVOKE_PROPERTYGET) &&
       (FIX2INT(invkind) & INVOKE_PROPERTYPUT) ) {
        type = rb_str_new2("PROPERTY");
    } else if(FIX2INT(invkind) & INVOKE_PROPERTYGET) {
        type =  rb_str_new2("PROPERTYGET");
    } else if(FIX2INT(invkind) & INVOKE_PROPERTYPUT) {
        type = rb_str_new2("PROPERTYPUT");
    } else if(FIX2INT(invkind) & INVOKE_PROPERTYPUTREF) {
        type = rb_str_new2("PROPERTYPUTREF");
    } else if(FIX2INT(invkind) & INVOKE_FUNC) {
        type = rb_str_new2("FUNC");
    }
    return type;
}

/*
 *   call-seq:
 *      WIN32OLE_MTHOD#invkind
 *
 *   Returns the method invoke kind.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbooks')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'Add')
 *     puts method.invkind # => 1
 *
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_invkind(VALUE self)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);
    return ole_method_invkind(pmethod->pTypeInfo, pmethod->index);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD#invoke_kind
 *
 *  Returns the method kind string. The string is "UNKNOWN" or "PROPERTY"
 *  or "PROPERTY" or "PROPERTYGET" or "PROPERTYPUT" or "PROPERTYPPUTREF"
 *  or "FUNC".
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbooks')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'Add')
 *     puts method.invoke_kind # => "FUNC"
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_invoke_kind(VALUE self)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);
    return ole_method_invoke_kind(pmethod->pTypeInfo, pmethod->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_method_visible(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index)
{
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE visible;
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, method_index, &pFuncDesc);
    if(FAILED(hr))
        return Qfalse;
    if (pFuncDesc->wFuncFlags & (FUNCFLAG_FRESTRICTED |
                                 FUNCFLAG_FHIDDEN |
                                 FUNCFLAG_FNONBROWSABLE)) {
        visible = Qfalse;
    } else {
        visible = Qtrue;
    }
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
    return visible;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD#visible?
 *
 *  Returns true if the method is public.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbooks')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'Add')
 *     puts method.visible? # => true
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_visible(VALUE self)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);
    return ole_method_visible(pmethod->pTypeInfo, pmethod->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_method_event(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index, VALUE method_name)
{
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr;
    HRESULT hr;
    WORD i;
    int flags;
    HREFTYPE href;
    ITypeInfo *pRefTypeInfo;
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    BSTR bstr;
    VALUE name;
    VALUE event = Qfalse;

    hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return event;
    if(pTypeAttr->typekind != TKIND_COCLASS) {
        pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseTypeAttr(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
        return event;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < pTypeAttr->cImplTypes; i++) {
        hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetImplTypeFlags(pTypeInfo, i, &flags);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            continue;

        if (flags & IMPLTYPEFLAG_FSOURCE) {
            hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetRefTypeOfImplType(pTypeInfo,
                                                         i, &href);
            if (FAILED(hr))
                continue;
            hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetRefTypeInfo(pTypeInfo,
                                                   href, &pRefTypeInfo);
            if (FAILED(hr))
                continue;
            hr = pRefTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pRefTypeInfo, method_index,
                                                   &pFuncDesc);
            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                OLE_RELEASE(pRefTypeInfo);
                continue;
            }

            hr = pRefTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetDocumentation(pRefTypeInfo,
                                                        pFuncDesc->memid,
                                                        &bstr, NULL, NULL, NULL);
            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                pRefTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pRefTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
                OLE_RELEASE(pRefTypeInfo);
                continue;
            }

            name = WC2VSTR(bstr);
            pRefTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pRefTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
            OLE_RELEASE(pRefTypeInfo);
            if (rb_str_cmp(method_name, name) == 0) {
                event = Qtrue;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
    return event;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD#event?
 *
 *  Returns true if the method is event.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbook')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'SheetActivate')
 *     puts method.event? # => true
 *
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_event(VALUE self)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);
    if (!pmethod->pOwnerTypeInfo)
        return Qfalse;
    return ole_method_event(pmethod->pOwnerTypeInfo,
                            pmethod->index,
                            rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("name")));
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD#event_interface
 *
 *  Returns event interface name if the method is event.
 *    tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbook')
 *    method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'SheetActivate')
 *    puts method.event_interface # =>  WorkbookEvents
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_event_interface(VALUE self)
{
    BSTR name;
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    HRESULT hr;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);
    if(folemethod_event(self) == Qtrue) {
        hr = ole_docinfo_from_type(pmethod->pTypeInfo, &name, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        if(SUCCEEDED(hr))
            return WC2VSTR(name);
    }
    return Qnil;
}

static VALUE
ole_method_docinfo_from_type(
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo,
    UINT method_index,
    BSTR *name,
    BSTR *helpstr,
    DWORD *helpcontext,
    BSTR *helpfile
    )
{
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, method_index, &pFuncDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return hr;
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetDocumentation(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc->memid,
                                             name, helpstr,
                                             helpcontext, helpfile);
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
    return hr;
}

static VALUE
ole_method_helpstring(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    BSTR bhelpstring;
    hr = ole_method_docinfo_from_type(pTypeInfo, method_index, NULL, &bhelpstring,
                                      NULL, NULL);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return Qnil;
    return WC2VSTR(bhelpstring);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD#helpstring
 *
 *  Returns help string of OLE method. If the help string is not found,
 *  then the method returns nil.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Internet Controls', 'IWebBrowser')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'Navigate')
 *     puts method.helpstring # => Navigates to a URL or file.
 *
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_helpstring(VALUE self)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);
    return ole_method_helpstring(pmethod->pTypeInfo, pmethod->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_method_helpfile(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    BSTR bhelpfile;
    hr = ole_method_docinfo_from_type(pTypeInfo, method_index, NULL, NULL,
                                      NULL, &bhelpfile);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return Qnil;
    return WC2VSTR(bhelpfile);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD#helpfile
 *
 *  Returns help file. If help file is not found, then
 *  the method returns nil.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbooks')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'Add')
 *     puts method.helpfile # => C:\...\VBAXL9.CHM
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_helpfile(VALUE self)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);

    return ole_method_helpfile(pmethod->pTypeInfo, pmethod->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_method_helpcontext(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    DWORD helpcontext = 0;
    hr = ole_method_docinfo_from_type(pTypeInfo, method_index, NULL, NULL,
                                      &helpcontext, NULL);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return Qnil;
    return INT2FIX(helpcontext);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD#helpcontext
 *
 *  Returns help context.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbooks')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'Add')
 *     puts method.helpcontext # => 65717
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_helpcontext(VALUE self)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);
    return ole_method_helpcontext(pmethod->pTypeInfo, pmethod->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_method_dispid(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index)
{
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE dispid = Qnil;
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, method_index, &pFuncDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return dispid;
    dispid = INT2NUM(pFuncDesc->memid);
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
    return dispid;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD#dispid
 *
 *  Returns dispatch ID.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbooks')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'Add')
 *     puts method.dispid # => 181
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_dispid(VALUE self)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);
    return ole_method_dispid(pmethod->pTypeInfo, pmethod->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_method_offset_vtbl(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index)
{
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE offset_vtbl = Qnil;
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, method_index, &pFuncDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return offset_vtbl;
    offset_vtbl = INT2FIX(pFuncDesc->oVft);
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
    return offset_vtbl;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD#offset_vtbl
 *
 *  Returns the offset ov VTBL.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbooks')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'Add')
 *     puts method.offset_vtbl # => 40
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_offset_vtbl(VALUE self)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);
    return ole_method_offset_vtbl(pmethod->pTypeInfo, pmethod->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_method_size_params(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index)
{
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE size_params = Qnil;
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, method_index, &pFuncDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return size_params;
    size_params = INT2FIX(pFuncDesc->cParams);
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
    return size_params;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD#size_params
 *
 *  Returns the size of arguments of the method.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbook')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'SaveAs')
 *     puts method.size_params # => 11
 *
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_size_params(VALUE self)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);
    return ole_method_size_params(pmethod->pTypeInfo, pmethod->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_method_size_opt_params(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index)
{
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE size_opt_params = Qnil;
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, method_index, &pFuncDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return size_opt_params;
    size_opt_params = INT2FIX(pFuncDesc->cParamsOpt);
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
    return size_opt_params;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD#size_opt_params
 *
 *  Returns the size of optional parameters.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbook')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'SaveAs')
 *     puts method.size_opt_params # => 4
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_size_opt_params(VALUE self)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);
    return ole_method_size_opt_params(pmethod->pTypeInfo, pmethod->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_method_params(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index)
{
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    BSTR *bstrs;
    UINT len, i;
    struct oleparamdata *pparam;
    VALUE param;
    VALUE params = rb_ary_new();
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, method_index, &pFuncDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return params;

    len = 0;
    bstrs = ALLOCA_N(BSTR, pFuncDesc->cParams + 1);
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetNames(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc->memid,
                                     bstrs, pFuncDesc->cParams + 1,
                                     &len);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
        return params;
    }
    SysFreeString(bstrs[0]);
    if (pFuncDesc->cParams > 0) {
        for(i = 1; i < len; i++) {
            param = Data_Make_Struct(cWIN32OLE_PARAM, struct oleparamdata, 0,
                                     oleparam_free, pparam);
            pparam->pTypeInfo = pTypeInfo;
            OLE_ADDREF(pTypeInfo);
            pparam->method_index = method_index;
            pparam->index = i - 1;
            rb_ivar_set(param, rb_intern("name"), WC2VSTR(bstrs[i]));
            rb_ary_push(params, param);
         }
     }
     pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
     return params;
}


/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD#params
 *
 *  returns array of WIN32OLE_PARAM object corresponding with method parameters.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbook')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'SaveAs')
 *     p method.params # => [Filename, FileFormat, Password, WriteResPassword,
 *                           ReadOnlyRecommended, CreateBackup, AccessMode,
 *                           ConflictResolution, AddToMru, TextCodepage,
 *                           TextVisualLayout]
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_params(VALUE self)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);
    return ole_method_params(pmethod->pTypeInfo, pmethod->index);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_METHOD#inspect -> String
 *
 *  Returns the method name with class name.
 *
 */
static VALUE
folemethod_inspect(VALUE self)
{
    return default_inspect(self, "WIN32OLE_METHOD");
}

/*
 * Document-class: WIN32OLE_PARAM
 *
 *   <code>WIN32OLE_PARAM</code> objects represent param information of
 *   the OLE method.
 */
static VALUE foleparam_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
{
    struct oleparamdata *pparam;
    VALUE obj;
    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass,
                           struct oleparamdata,
                           0, oleparam_free, pparam);
    pparam->pTypeInfo = NULL;
    pparam->method_index = 0;
    pparam->index = 0;
    return obj;
}

static VALUE
oleparam_ole_param_from_index(VALUE self, ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index, int param_index)
{
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    BSTR *bstrs;
    UINT len;
    struct oleparamdata *pparam;
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, method_index, &pFuncDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "fail to ITypeInfo::GetFuncDesc");

    len = 0;
    bstrs = ALLOCA_N(BSTR, pFuncDesc->cParams + 1);
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetNames(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc->memid,
                                     bstrs, pFuncDesc->cParams + 1,
                                     &len);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
        ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "fail to ITypeInfo::GetNames");
    }
    SysFreeString(bstrs[0]);
    if (param_index < 1 || len <= (UINT)param_index)
    {
        pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
        rb_raise(rb_eIndexError, "index of param must be in 1..%d", len);
    }

    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oleparamdata, pparam);
    pparam->pTypeInfo = pTypeInfo;
    OLE_ADDREF(pTypeInfo);
    pparam->method_index = method_index;
    pparam->index = param_index - 1;
    rb_ivar_set(self, rb_intern("name"), WC2VSTR(bstrs[param_index]));

    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
    return self;
}

static VALUE oleparam_ole_param(VALUE self, VALUE olemethod, int n)
{
    struct olemethoddata *pmethod;
    Data_Get_Struct(olemethod, struct olemethoddata, pmethod);
    return oleparam_ole_param_from_index(self, pmethod->pTypeInfo, pmethod->index, n);
}

static VALUE foleparam_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE olemethod, VALUE n)
{
    int idx;
    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(olemethod, cWIN32OLE_METHOD)) {
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "1st parameter must be WIN32OLE_METHOD object");
    }
    idx = FIX2INT(n);
    return oleparam_ole_param(self, olemethod, idx);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_PARAM#name
 *
 *  Returns name.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbook')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'SaveAs')
 *     param1 = method.params[0]
 *     puts param1.name # => Filename
 */
static VALUE
foleparam_name(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("name"));
}

static VALUE
ole_param_ole_type(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index, UINT index)
{
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE type = rb_str_new2("unknown type");
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, method_index, &pFuncDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return type;
    type = ole_typedesc2val(pTypeInfo,
                            &(pFuncDesc->lprgelemdescParam[index].tdesc), Qnil);
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
    return type;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_PARAM#ole_type
 *
 *  Returns OLE type of WIN32OLE_PARAM object(parameter of OLE method).
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbook')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'SaveAs')
 *     param1 = method.params[0]
 *     puts param1.ole_type # => VARIANT
 */
static VALUE
foleparam_ole_type(VALUE self)
{
    struct oleparamdata *pparam;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oleparamdata, pparam);
    return ole_param_ole_type(pparam->pTypeInfo, pparam->method_index,
                              pparam->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_param_ole_type_detail(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index, UINT index)
{
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE typedetail = rb_ary_new();
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, method_index, &pFuncDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return typedetail;
    ole_typedesc2val(pTypeInfo,
                     &(pFuncDesc->lprgelemdescParam[index].tdesc), typedetail);
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
    return typedetail;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_PARAM#ole_type_detail
 *
 *  Returns detail information of type of argument.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'IWorksheetFunction')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'SumIf')
 *     param1 = method.params[0]
 *     p param1.ole_type_detail # => ["PTR", "USERDEFINED", "Range"]
 */
static VALUE
foleparam_ole_type_detail(VALUE self)
{
    struct oleparamdata *pparam;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oleparamdata, pparam);
    return ole_param_ole_type_detail(pparam->pTypeInfo, pparam->method_index,
                                     pparam->index);
}

static VALUE
ole_param_flag_mask(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index, UINT index, USHORT mask)
{
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    HRESULT hr;
    VALUE ret = Qfalse;
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, method_index, &pFuncDesc);
    if(FAILED(hr))
        return ret;
    if (V_UNION1((&(pFuncDesc->lprgelemdescParam[index])), paramdesc).wParamFlags &mask)
        ret = Qtrue;
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
    return ret;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_PARAM#input?
 *
 *  Returns true if the parameter is input.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbook')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'SaveAs')
 *     param1 = method.params[0]
 *     puts param1.input? # => true
 */
static VALUE foleparam_input(VALUE self)
{
    struct oleparamdata *pparam;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oleparamdata, pparam);
    return ole_param_flag_mask(pparam->pTypeInfo, pparam->method_index,
                               pparam->index, PARAMFLAG_FIN);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE#output?
 *
 *  Returns true if argument is output.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Internet Controls', 'DWebBrowserEvents')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'NewWindow')
 *     method.params.each do |param|
 *       puts "#{param.name} #{param.output?}"
 *     end
 *
 *     The result of above script is following:
 *       URL false
 *       Flags false
 *       TargetFrameName false
 *       PostData false
 *       Headers false
 *       Processed true
 */
static VALUE foleparam_output(VALUE self)
{
    struct oleparamdata *pparam;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oleparamdata, pparam);
    return ole_param_flag_mask(pparam->pTypeInfo, pparam->method_index,
                               pparam->index, PARAMFLAG_FOUT);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_PARAM#optional?
 *
 *  Returns true if argument is optional.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbook')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'SaveAs')
 *     param1 = method.params[0]
 *     puts "#{param1.name} #{param1.optional?}" # => Filename true
 */
static VALUE foleparam_optional(VALUE self)
{
    struct oleparamdata *pparam;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oleparamdata, pparam);
    return ole_param_flag_mask(pparam->pTypeInfo, pparam->method_index,
                               pparam->index, PARAMFLAG_FOPT);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_PARAM#retval?
 *
 *  Returns true if argument is return value.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('DirectX 7 for Visual Basic Type Library',
 *                              'DirectPlayLobbyConnection')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'GetPlayerShortName')
 *     param = method.params[0]
 *     puts "#{param.name} #{param.retval?}"  # => name true
 */
static VALUE foleparam_retval(VALUE self)
{
    struct oleparamdata *pparam;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oleparamdata, pparam);
    return ole_param_flag_mask(pparam->pTypeInfo, pparam->method_index,
                               pparam->index, PARAMFLAG_FRETVAL);
}

static VALUE
ole_param_default(ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, UINT method_index, UINT index)
{
    FUNCDESC *pFuncDesc;
    ELEMDESC *pElemDesc;
    PARAMDESCEX * pParamDescEx;
    HRESULT hr;
    USHORT wParamFlags;
    USHORT mask = PARAMFLAG_FOPT|PARAMFLAG_FHASDEFAULT;
    VALUE defval = Qnil;
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, method_index, &pFuncDesc);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return defval;
    pElemDesc = &pFuncDesc->lprgelemdescParam[index];
    wParamFlags = V_UNION1(pElemDesc, paramdesc).wParamFlags;
    if ((wParamFlags & mask) == mask) {
         pParamDescEx = V_UNION1(pElemDesc, paramdesc).pparamdescex;
         defval = ole_variant2val(&pParamDescEx->varDefaultValue);
    }
    pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseFuncDesc(pTypeInfo, pFuncDesc);
    return defval;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_PARAM#default
 *
 *  Returns default value. If the default value does not exist,
 *  this method returns nil.
 *     tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbook')
 *     method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'SaveAs')
 *     method.params.each do |param|
 *       if param.default
 *         puts "#{param.name} (= #{param.default})"
 *       else
 *         puts "#{param}"
 *       end
 *     end
 *
 *     The above script result is following:
 *         Filename
 *         FileFormat
 *         Password
 *         WriteResPassword
 *         ReadOnlyRecommended
 *         CreateBackup
 *         AccessMode (= 1)
 *         ConflictResolution
 *         AddToMru
 *         TextCodepage
 *         TextVisualLayout
 */
static VALUE foleparam_default(VALUE self)
{
    struct oleparamdata *pparam;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oleparamdata, pparam);
    return ole_param_default(pparam->pTypeInfo, pparam->method_index,
                             pparam->index);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_PARAM#inspect -> String
 *
 *  Returns the parameter name with class name. If the parameter has default value,
 *  then returns name=value string with class name.
 *
 */
static VALUE
foleparam_inspect(VALUE self)
{
    VALUE detail = foleparam_name(self);
    VALUE defval = foleparam_default(self);
    if (defval != Qnil) {
        rb_str_cat2(detail, "=");
        rb_str_concat(detail, rb_funcall(defval, rb_intern("inspect"), 0));
    }
    return make_inspect("WIN32OLE_PARAM", detail);
}

/*
 * Document-class: WIN32OLE_EVENT
 *
 *   <code>WIN32OLE_EVENT</code> objects controls OLE event.
 */

static IEventSinkVtbl vtEventSink;
static BOOL g_IsEventSinkVtblInitialized = FALSE;

void EVENTSINK_Destructor(PIEVENTSINKOBJ);

STDMETHODIMP
EVENTSINK_QueryInterface(
    PEVENTSINK pEV,
    REFIID     iid,
    LPVOID*    ppv
    ) {
    if (IsEqualIID(iid, &IID_IUnknown) ||
        IsEqualIID(iid, &IID_IDispatch) ||
        IsEqualIID(iid, &((PIEVENTSINKOBJ)pEV)->m_iid)) {
        *ppv = pEV;
    }
    else {
        *ppv = NULL;
        return E_NOINTERFACE;
    }
    ((LPUNKNOWN)*ppv)->lpVtbl->AddRef((LPUNKNOWN)*ppv);
    return NOERROR;
}

STDMETHODIMP_(ULONG)
EVENTSINK_AddRef(
    PEVENTSINK pEV
    ){
    PIEVENTSINKOBJ pEVObj = (PIEVENTSINKOBJ)pEV;
    return ++pEVObj->m_cRef;
}

STDMETHODIMP_(ULONG) EVENTSINK_Release(
    PEVENTSINK pEV
    ) {
    PIEVENTSINKOBJ pEVObj = (PIEVENTSINKOBJ)pEV;
    --pEVObj->m_cRef;
    if(pEVObj->m_cRef != 0)
        return pEVObj->m_cRef;
    EVENTSINK_Destructor(pEVObj);
    return 0;
}

STDMETHODIMP EVENTSINK_GetTypeInfoCount(
    PEVENTSINK pEV,
    UINT *pct
    ) {
    *pct = 0;
    return NOERROR;
}

STDMETHODIMP EVENTSINK_GetTypeInfo(
    PEVENTSINK pEV,
    UINT info,
    LCID lcid,
    ITypeInfo **pInfo
    ) {
    *pInfo = NULL;
    return DISP_E_BADINDEX;
}

STDMETHODIMP EVENTSINK_GetIDsOfNames(
    PEVENTSINK pEventSink,
    REFIID riid,
    OLECHAR **szNames,
    UINT cNames,
    LCID lcid,
    DISPID *pDispID
    ) {
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
    PIEVENTSINKOBJ pEV = (PIEVENTSINKOBJ)pEventSink;
    pTypeInfo = pEV->pTypeInfo;
    if (pTypeInfo) {
        return pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetIDsOfNames(pTypeInfo, szNames, cNames, pDispID);
    }
    return DISP_E_UNKNOWNNAME;
}

static long
ole_search_event_at(VALUE ary, VALUE ev)
{
    VALUE event;
    VALUE def_event;
    VALUE event_name;
    long i, len;
    long ret = -1;
    def_event = Qnil;
    len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
    for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        event = rb_ary_entry(ary, i);
        event_name = rb_ary_entry(event, 1);
        if(NIL_P(event_name) && NIL_P(ev)) {
            ret = i;
            break;
        }
        else if (TYPE(ev) == T_STRING &&
                 TYPE(event_name) == T_STRING &&
                 rb_str_cmp(ev, event_name) == 0) {
            ret = i;
            break;
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

static VALUE
ole_search_event(VALUE ary, VALUE ev, BOOL  *is_default)
{
    VALUE event;
    VALUE def_event;
    VALUE event_name;
    int i, len;
    *is_default = FALSE;
    def_event = Qnil;
    len = RARRAY_LEN(ary);
    for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        event = rb_ary_entry(ary, i);
        event_name = rb_ary_entry(event, 1);
        if(NIL_P(event_name)) {
            *is_default = TRUE;
            def_event = event;
        }
        else if (rb_str_cmp(ev, event_name) == 0) {
            *is_default = FALSE;
            return event;
        }
    }
    return def_event;
}
static VALUE
ole_search_handler_method(VALUE handler, VALUE ev, BOOL *is_default_handler)
{
    VALUE mid;

    *is_default_handler = FALSE;
    mid = rb_to_id(rb_sprintf("on%s", StringValuePtr(ev)));
    if (rb_respond_to(handler, mid)) {
        return mid;
    }
    mid = rb_intern("method_missing");
    if (rb_respond_to(handler, mid)) {
        *is_default_handler = TRUE;
        return mid;
    }
    return Qnil;
}

static void
ole_delete_event(VALUE ary, VALUE ev)
{
    long at = -1;
    at = ole_search_event_at(ary, ev);
    if (at >= 0) {
        rb_ary_delete_at(ary, at);
    }
}

static void
hash2ptr_dispparams(VALUE hash, ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo, DISPID dispid, DISPPARAMS *pdispparams)
{
    BSTR *bstrs;
    HRESULT hr;
    UINT len, i;
    VARIANT *pvar;
    VALUE val;
    VALUE key;
    len = 0;
    bstrs = ALLOCA_N(BSTR, pdispparams->cArgs + 1);
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetNames(pTypeInfo, dispid,
                                     bstrs, pdispparams->cArgs + 1,
                                     &len);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return;

    for (i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
        key = WC2VSTR(bstrs[i + 1]);
        val = rb_hash_aref(hash, INT2FIX(i));
        if (val == Qnil)
            val = rb_hash_aref(hash, key);
        if (val == Qnil)
            val = rb_hash_aref(hash, rb_str_intern(key));
        pvar = &pdispparams->rgvarg[pdispparams->cArgs-i-1];
        ole_val2ptr_variant(val, pvar);
    }
}

static VALUE
hash2result(VALUE hash)
{
    VALUE ret = Qnil;
    ret = rb_hash_aref(hash, rb_str_new2("return"));
    if (ret == Qnil)
        ret = rb_hash_aref(hash, rb_str_intern(rb_str_new2("return")));
    return ret;
}

static void
ary2ptr_dispparams(VALUE ary, DISPPARAMS *pdispparams)
{
    int i;
    VALUE v;
    VARIANT *pvar;
    for(i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(ary) && (unsigned int) i < pdispparams->cArgs; i++) {
        v = rb_ary_entry(ary, i);
        pvar = &pdispparams->rgvarg[pdispparams->cArgs-i-1];
        ole_val2ptr_variant(v, pvar);
    }
}

static VALUE
exec_callback(VALUE arg)
{
    VALUE *parg = (VALUE *)arg;
    VALUE handler = parg[0];
    VALUE mid = parg[1];
    VALUE args = parg[2];
    return rb_apply(handler, mid, args);
}

static VALUE
rescue_callback(VALUE arg)
{

    VALUE error;
    VALUE e = rb_errinfo();
    VALUE bt = rb_funcall(e, rb_intern("backtrace"), 0);
    VALUE msg = rb_funcall(e, rb_intern("message"), 0);
    bt = rb_ary_entry(bt, 0);
    error = rb_sprintf("%s: %s (%s)\n", StringValuePtr(bt), StringValuePtr(msg), rb_obj_classname(e));
    rb_write_error(StringValuePtr(error));
    rb_backtrace();
    ruby_finalize();
    exit(-1);

    return Qnil;
}

STDMETHODIMP EVENTSINK_Invoke(
    PEVENTSINK pEventSink,
    DISPID dispid,
    REFIID riid,
    LCID lcid,
    WORD wFlags,
    DISPPARAMS *pdispparams,
    VARIANT *pvarResult,
    EXCEPINFO *pexcepinfo,
    UINT *puArgErr
    ) {

    HRESULT hr;
    BSTR bstr;
    unsigned int count;
    unsigned int i;
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
    VARIANT *pvar;
    VALUE ary, obj, event, args, outargv, ev, result;
    VALUE handler = Qnil;
    VALUE arg[3];
    VALUE mid;
    VALUE is_outarg = Qfalse;
    BOOL is_default_handler = FALSE;
    int state;

    PIEVENTSINKOBJ pEV = (PIEVENTSINKOBJ)pEventSink;
    pTypeInfo = pEV->pTypeInfo;
    obj = evs_entry(pEV->m_event_id);
    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(obj, cWIN32OLE_EVENT)) {
        return NOERROR;
    }

    ary = rb_ivar_get(obj, id_events);
    if (NIL_P(ary) || TYPE(ary) != T_ARRAY) {
        return NOERROR;
    }
    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetNames(pTypeInfo, dispid,
                                     &bstr, 1, &count);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return NOERROR;
    }
    ev = WC2VSTR(bstr);
    event = ole_search_event(ary, ev, &is_default_handler);
    if (TYPE(event) == T_ARRAY) {
        handler = rb_ary_entry(event, 0);
        mid = rb_intern("call");
        is_outarg = rb_ary_entry(event, 3);
    } else {
        handler = rb_ivar_get(obj, rb_intern("handler"));
        if (handler == Qnil) {
            return NOERROR;
        }
        mid = ole_search_handler_method(handler, ev, &is_default_handler);
    }
    if (handler == Qnil || mid == Qnil) {
        return NOERROR;
    }

    args = rb_ary_new();
    if (is_default_handler) {
        rb_ary_push(args, ev);
    }

    /* make argument of event handler */
    for (i = 0; i < pdispparams->cArgs; ++i) {
        pvar = &pdispparams->rgvarg[pdispparams->cArgs-i-1];
        rb_ary_push(args, ole_variant2val(pvar));
    }
    outargv = Qnil;
    if (is_outarg == Qtrue) {
        outargv = rb_ary_new();
        rb_ary_push(args, outargv);
    }

    /*
     * if exception raised in event callback,
     * then you receive cfp consistency error.
     * to avoid this error we use begin rescue end.
     * and the exception raised then error message print
     * and exit ruby process by Win32OLE itself.
     */
    arg[0] = handler;
    arg[1] = mid;
    arg[2] = args;
    result = rb_protect(exec_callback, (VALUE)arg, &state);
    if (state != 0) {
        rescue_callback(Qnil);
    }
    if(TYPE(result) == T_HASH) {
        hash2ptr_dispparams(result, pTypeInfo, dispid, pdispparams);
        result = hash2result(result);
    }else if (is_outarg == Qtrue && TYPE(outargv) == T_ARRAY) {
        ary2ptr_dispparams(outargv, pdispparams);
    }

    if (pvarResult) {
        VariantInit(pvarResult);
        ole_val2variant(result, pvarResult);
    }

    return NOERROR;
}

PIEVENTSINKOBJ
EVENTSINK_Constructor() {
    PIEVENTSINKOBJ pEv;
    if (!g_IsEventSinkVtblInitialized) {
        vtEventSink.QueryInterface=EVENTSINK_QueryInterface;
        vtEventSink.AddRef = EVENTSINK_AddRef;
        vtEventSink.Release = EVENTSINK_Release;
        vtEventSink.Invoke = EVENTSINK_Invoke;
        vtEventSink.GetIDsOfNames = EVENTSINK_GetIDsOfNames;
        vtEventSink.GetTypeInfoCount = EVENTSINK_GetTypeInfoCount;
        vtEventSink.GetTypeInfo = EVENTSINK_GetTypeInfo;

        g_IsEventSinkVtblInitialized = TRUE;
    }
    pEv = ALLOC_N(IEVENTSINKOBJ, 1);
    if(pEv == NULL) return NULL;
    pEv->lpVtbl = &vtEventSink;
    pEv->m_cRef = 0;
    pEv->m_event_id = 0;
    pEv->pTypeInfo = NULL;
    return pEv;
}

void EVENTSINK_Destructor(
    PIEVENTSINKOBJ pEVObj
    ) {
    if(pEVObj != NULL) {
        OLE_RELEASE(pEVObj->pTypeInfo);
        free(pEVObj);
        pEVObj = NULL;
    }
}

static HRESULT
find_iid(VALUE ole, char *pitf, IID *piid, ITypeInfo **ppTypeInfo)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    IDispatch *pDispatch;
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr;
    HREFTYPE RefType;
    ITypeInfo *pImplTypeInfo;
    TYPEATTR *pImplTypeAttr;

    struct oledata *pole;
    unsigned int index;
    unsigned int count;
    int type;
    BSTR bstr;
    char *pstr;

    BOOL is_found = FALSE;
    LCID    lcid = cWIN32OLE_lcid;

    OLEData_Get_Struct(ole, pole);

    pDispatch = pole->pDispatch;

    hr = pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo(pDispatch, 0, lcid, &pTypeInfo);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return hr;

    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetContainingTypeLib(pTypeInfo,
                                                 &pTypeLib,
                                                 &index);
    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return hr;

    if (!pitf) {
        hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfoOfGuid(pTypeLib,
                                                 piid,
                                                 ppTypeInfo);
        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeLib);
        return hr;
    }
    count = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfoCount(pTypeLib);
    for (index = 0; index < count; index++) {
        hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo(pTypeLib,
                                           index,
                                           &pTypeInfo);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            break;
        hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);

        if(FAILED(hr)) {
            OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
            break;
        }
        if(pTypeAttr->typekind == TKIND_COCLASS) {
            for (type = 0; type < pTypeAttr->cImplTypes; type++) {
                hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetRefTypeOfImplType(pTypeInfo,
                                                             type,
                                                             &RefType);
                if (FAILED(hr))
                    break;
                hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetRefTypeInfo(pTypeInfo,
                                                       RefType,
                                                       &pImplTypeInfo);
                if (FAILED(hr))
                    break;

                hr = pImplTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetDocumentation(pImplTypeInfo,
                                                             -1,
                                                             &bstr,
                                                             NULL, NULL, NULL);
                if (FAILED(hr)) {
                    OLE_RELEASE(pImplTypeInfo);
                    break;
                }
                pstr = ole_wc2mb(bstr);
                if (strcmp(pitf, pstr) == 0) {
                    hr = pImplTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetTypeAttr(pImplTypeInfo,
                                                            &pImplTypeAttr);
                    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                        is_found = TRUE;
                        *piid = pImplTypeAttr->guid;
                        if (ppTypeInfo) {
                            *ppTypeInfo = pImplTypeInfo;
                            (*ppTypeInfo)->lpVtbl->AddRef((*ppTypeInfo));
                        }
                        pImplTypeInfo->lpVtbl->ReleaseTypeAttr(pImplTypeInfo,
                                                               pImplTypeAttr);
                    }
                }
                free(pstr);
                OLE_RELEASE(pImplTypeInfo);
                if (is_found || FAILED(hr))
                    break;
            }
        }

        OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
        if (is_found || FAILED(hr))
            break;
    }
    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeLib);
    if(!is_found)
        return E_NOINTERFACE;
    return hr;
}

static HRESULT
find_coclass(
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo,
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr,
    ITypeInfo **pCOTypeInfo,
    TYPEATTR **pCOTypeAttr)
{
    HRESULT hr = E_NOINTERFACE;
    ITypeLib *pTypeLib;
    int count;
    BOOL found = FALSE;
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo2;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr2;
    int flags;
    int i,j;
    HREFTYPE href;
    ITypeInfo *pRefTypeInfo;
    TYPEATTR *pRefTypeAttr;

    hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetContainingTypeLib(pTypeInfo, &pTypeLib, NULL);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return hr;
    }
    count = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfoCount(pTypeLib);
    for (i = 0; i < count && !found; i++) {
        hr = pTypeLib->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo(pTypeLib, i, &pTypeInfo2);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            continue;
        hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo2, &pTypeAttr2);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo2);
            continue;
        }
        if (pTypeAttr2->typekind != TKIND_COCLASS) {
            OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo2, pTypeAttr2);
            OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo2);
            continue;
        }
        for (j = 0; j < pTypeAttr2->cImplTypes && !found; j++) {
            hr = pTypeInfo2->lpVtbl->GetImplTypeFlags(pTypeInfo2, j, &flags);
            if (FAILED(hr))
                continue;
            if (!(flags & IMPLTYPEFLAG_FDEFAULT))
                continue;
            hr = pTypeInfo2->lpVtbl->GetRefTypeOfImplType(pTypeInfo2, j, &href);
            if (FAILED(hr))
                continue;
            hr = pTypeInfo2->lpVtbl->GetRefTypeInfo(pTypeInfo2, href, &pRefTypeInfo);
            if (FAILED(hr))
                continue;
            hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pRefTypeInfo, &pRefTypeAttr);
            if (FAILED(hr))  {
                OLE_RELEASE(pRefTypeInfo);
                continue;
            }
            if (IsEqualGUID(&(pTypeAttr->guid), &(pRefTypeAttr->guid))) {
                found = TRUE;
            }
        }
        if (!found) {
            OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo2, pTypeAttr2);
            OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo2);
        }
    }
    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeLib);
    if (found) {
        *pCOTypeInfo = pTypeInfo2;
        *pCOTypeAttr = pTypeAttr2;
        hr = S_OK;
    } else {
        hr = E_NOINTERFACE;
    }
    return hr;
}

static HRESULT
find_default_source_from_typeinfo(
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo,
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr,
    ITypeInfo **ppTypeInfo)
{
    int i = 0;
    HRESULT hr = E_NOINTERFACE;
    int flags;
    HREFTYPE hRefType;
    /* Enumerate all implemented types of the COCLASS */
    for (i = 0; i < pTypeAttr->cImplTypes; i++) {
        hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetImplTypeFlags(pTypeInfo, i, &flags);
        if (FAILED(hr))
            continue;

        /*
           looking for the [default] [source]
           we just hope that it is a dispinterface :-)
        */
        if ((flags & IMPLTYPEFLAG_FDEFAULT) &&
            (flags & IMPLTYPEFLAG_FSOURCE)) {

            hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetRefTypeOfImplType(pTypeInfo,
                                                         i, &hRefType);
            if (FAILED(hr))
                continue;
            hr = pTypeInfo->lpVtbl->GetRefTypeInfo(pTypeInfo,
                                                   hRefType, ppTypeInfo);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
                break;
        }
    }
    return hr;
}

static HRESULT
find_default_source(VALUE ole, IID *piid, ITypeInfo **ppTypeInfo)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    IProvideClassInfo2 *pProvideClassInfo2;
    IProvideClassInfo *pProvideClassInfo;
    void *p;

    IDispatch *pDispatch;
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo;
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo2 = NULL;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr;
    TYPEATTR *pTypeAttr2 = NULL;

    struct oledata *pole;

    OLEData_Get_Struct(ole, pole);
    pDispatch = pole->pDispatch;
    hr = pDispatch->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pDispatch,
                                           &IID_IProvideClassInfo2,
                                           &p);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
        pProvideClassInfo2 = p;
        hr = pProvideClassInfo2->lpVtbl->GetGUID(pProvideClassInfo2,
                                                 GUIDKIND_DEFAULT_SOURCE_DISP_IID,
                                                 piid);
        OLE_RELEASE(pProvideClassInfo2);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
            hr = find_iid(ole, NULL, piid, ppTypeInfo);
        }
    }
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
        return hr;
    }
    hr = pDispatch->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pDispatch,
                                           &IID_IProvideClassInfo,
                                           &p);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
        pProvideClassInfo = p;
        hr = pProvideClassInfo->lpVtbl->GetClassInfo(pProvideClassInfo,
                                                     &pTypeInfo);
        OLE_RELEASE(pProvideClassInfo);
    }
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        hr = pDispatch->lpVtbl->GetTypeInfo(pDispatch, 0, cWIN32OLE_lcid, &pTypeInfo );
    }
    if (FAILED(hr))
        return hr;
    hr = OLE_GET_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
        return hr;
    }

    *ppTypeInfo = 0;
    hr = find_default_source_from_typeinfo(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr, ppTypeInfo);
    if (!*ppTypeInfo) {
        hr = find_coclass(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr, &pTypeInfo2, &pTypeAttr2);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
            hr = find_default_source_from_typeinfo(pTypeInfo2, pTypeAttr2, ppTypeInfo);
            OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo2, pTypeAttr2);
            OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo2);
        }
    }
    OLE_RELEASE_TYPEATTR(pTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
    OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
    /* Now that would be a bad surprise, if we didn't find it, wouldn't it? */
    if (!*ppTypeInfo) {
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
            hr = E_UNEXPECTED;
        return hr;
    }

    /* Determine IID of default source interface */
    hr = (*ppTypeInfo)->lpVtbl->GetTypeAttr(*ppTypeInfo, &pTypeAttr);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
        *piid = pTypeAttr->guid;
        (*ppTypeInfo)->lpVtbl->ReleaseTypeAttr(*ppTypeInfo, pTypeAttr);
    }
    else
        OLE_RELEASE(*ppTypeInfo);

    return hr;

}

static void
ole_event_free(struct oleeventdata *poleev)
{
    if (poleev->pConnectionPoint) {
        poleev->pConnectionPoint->lpVtbl->Unadvise(poleev->pConnectionPoint, poleev->dwCookie);
        OLE_RELEASE(poleev->pConnectionPoint);
        poleev->pConnectionPoint = NULL;
    }
    free(poleev);
}

static VALUE
fev_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
{
    VALUE obj;
    struct oleeventdata *poleev;
    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass,struct oleeventdata,0,ole_event_free,poleev);
    poleev->dwCookie = 0;
    poleev->pConnectionPoint = NULL;
    poleev->event_id = 0;
    return obj;
}

static VALUE
ev_advise(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{

    VALUE ole, itf;
    struct oledata *pole;
    char *pitf;
    HRESULT hr;
    IID iid;
    ITypeInfo *pTypeInfo = 0;
    IDispatch *pDispatch;
    IConnectionPointContainer *pContainer;
    IConnectionPoint *pConnectionPoint;
    IEVENTSINKOBJ *pIEV;
    DWORD dwCookie;
    struct oleeventdata *poleev;
    void *p;

    rb_secure(4);
    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &ole, &itf);

    if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(ole, cWIN32OLE)) {
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "1st parameter must be WIN32OLE object");
    }

    if(TYPE(itf) != T_NIL) {
        if (rb_safe_level() > 0 && OBJ_TAINTED(itf)) {
            rb_raise(rb_eSecurityError, "Insecure Event Creation - %s",
                     StringValuePtr(itf));
        }
        SafeStringValue(itf);
        pitf = StringValuePtr(itf);
        hr = find_iid(ole, pitf, &iid, &pTypeInfo);
    }
    else {
        hr = find_default_source(ole, &iid, &pTypeInfo);
    }
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "interface not found");
    }

    OLEData_Get_Struct(ole, pole);
    pDispatch = pole->pDispatch;
    hr = pDispatch->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pDispatch,
                                           &IID_IConnectionPointContainer,
                                           &p);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
        ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError,
                  "failed to query IConnectionPointContainer");
    }
    pContainer = p;

    hr = pContainer->lpVtbl->FindConnectionPoint(pContainer,
                                                 &iid,
                                                 &pConnectionPoint);
    OLE_RELEASE(pContainer);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        OLE_RELEASE(pTypeInfo);
        ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to query IConnectionPoint");
    }
    pIEV = EVENTSINK_Constructor();
    pIEV->m_iid = iid;
    hr = pConnectionPoint->lpVtbl->Advise(pConnectionPoint,
                                          (IUnknown*)pIEV,
                                          &dwCookie);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "Advise Error");
    }

    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oleeventdata, poleev);
    pIEV->m_event_id
        = NUM2INT(evs_length());
    pIEV->pTypeInfo = pTypeInfo;
    poleev->dwCookie = dwCookie;
    poleev->pConnectionPoint = pConnectionPoint;
    poleev->event_id = pIEV->m_event_id;

    return self;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_EVENT.new(ole, event) #=> WIN32OLE_EVENT object.
 *
 *  Returns OLE event object.
 *  The first argument specifies WIN32OLE object.
 *  The second argument specifies OLE event name.
 *     ie = WIN32OLE.new('InternetExplorer.Application')
 *     ev = WIN32OLE_EVENT.new(ie, 'DWebBrowserEvents')
 */
static VALUE
fev_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    ev_advise(argc, argv, self);
    evs_push(self);
    rb_ivar_set(self, id_events, rb_ary_new());
    fev_set_handler(self, Qnil);
    return self;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_EVENT.message_loop
 *
 *  Translates and dispatches Windows message.
 */
static VALUE
fev_s_msg_loop(VALUE klass)
{
    ole_msg_loop();
    return Qnil;
}


static void
add_event_call_back(VALUE obj, VALUE event, VALUE data)
{
    VALUE events = rb_ivar_get(obj, id_events);
    if (NIL_P(events) || TYPE(events) != T_ARRAY) {
        events = rb_ary_new();
        rb_ivar_set(obj, id_events, events);
    }
    ole_delete_event(events, event);
    rb_ary_push(events, data);
}

static VALUE
ev_on_event(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, VALUE is_ary_arg)
{
    struct oleeventdata *poleev;
    VALUE event, args, data;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oleeventdata, poleev);
    if (poleev->pConnectionPoint == NULL) {
        rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "IConnectionPoint not found. You must call advise at first.");
    }
    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01*", &event, &args);
    if(!NIL_P(event)) {
        if(TYPE(event) != T_STRING && TYPE(event) != T_SYMBOL) {
            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type (expected String or Symbol)");
        }
        if (TYPE(event) == T_SYMBOL) {
            event = rb_sym_to_s(event);
        }
    }
    data = rb_ary_new3(4, rb_block_proc(), event, args, is_ary_arg);
    add_event_call_back(self, event, data);
    return Qnil;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_EVENT#on_event([event]){...}
 *
 *  Defines the callback event.
 *  If argument is omitted, this method defines the callback of all events.
 *  If you want to modify reference argument in callback, return hash in
 *  callback. If you want to return value to OLE server as result of callback
 *  use `return' or :return.
 *
 *    ie = WIN32OLE.new('InternetExplorer.Application')
 *    ev = WIN32OLE_EVENT.new(ie)
 *    ev.on_event("NavigateComplete") {|url| puts url}
 *    ev.on_event() {|ev, *args| puts "#{ev} fired"}
 *
 *    ev.on_event("BeforeNavigate2") {|*args|
 *      ...
 *      # set true to BeforeNavigate reference argument `Cancel'.
 *      # Cancel is 7-th argument of BeforeNavigate,
 *      # so you can use 6 as key of hash instead of 'Cancel'.
 *      # The argument is counted from 0.
 *      # The hash key of 0 means first argument.)
 *      {:Cancel => true}  # or {'Cancel' => true} or {6 => true}
 *    }
 *
 *    ev.on_event(...) {|*args|
 *      {:return => 1, :xxx => yyy}
 *    }
 */
static VALUE
fev_on_event(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    return ev_on_event(argc, argv, self, Qfalse);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_EVENT#on_event_with_outargs([event]){...}
 *
 *  Defines the callback of event.
 *  If you want modify argument in callback,
 *  you could use this method instead of WIN32OLE_EVENT#on_event.
 *
 *    ie = WIN32OLE.new('InternetExplorer.Application')
 *    ev = WIN32OLE_EVENT.new(ie)
 *    ev.on_event_with_outargs('BeforeNavigate2') {|*args|
 *      args.last[6] = true
 *    }
 */
static VALUE
fev_on_event_with_outargs(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    return ev_on_event(argc, argv, self, Qtrue);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_EVENT#off_event([event])
 *
 *  removes the callback of event.
 *
 *    ie = WIN32OLE.new('InternetExplorer.Application')
 *    ev = WIN32OLE_EVENT.new(ie)
 *    ev.on_event('BeforeNavigate2') {|*args|
 *      args.last[6] = true
 *    }
 *      ...
 *    ev.off_event('BeforeNavigate2')
 *      ...
 */
static VALUE
fev_off_event(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    VALUE event = Qnil;
    VALUE events;

    rb_secure(4);
    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &event);
    if(!NIL_P(event)) {
        if(TYPE(event) != T_STRING && TYPE(event) != T_SYMBOL) {
            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "wrong argument type (expected String or Symbol)");
        }
        if (TYPE(event) == T_SYMBOL) {
            event = rb_sym_to_s(event);
        }
    }
    events = rb_ivar_get(self, id_events);
    if (NIL_P(events)) {
        return Qnil;
    }
    ole_delete_event(events, event);
    return Qnil;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_EVENT#unadvise -> nil
 *
 *  disconnects OLE server. If this method called, then the WIN32OLE_EVENT object
 *  does not receive the OLE server event any more.
 *  This method is trial implementation.
 *
 *      ie = WIN32OLE.new('InternetExplorer.Application')
 *      ev = WIN32OLE_EVENT.new(ie)
 *      ev.on_event() {...}
 *         ...
 *      ev.unadvise
 *
 */
static VALUE
fev_unadvise(VALUE self)
{
    struct oleeventdata *poleev;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct oleeventdata, poleev);
    if (poleev->pConnectionPoint) {
        ole_msg_loop();
        evs_delete(poleev->event_id);
        poleev->pConnectionPoint->lpVtbl->Unadvise(poleev->pConnectionPoint, poleev->dwCookie);
        OLE_RELEASE(poleev->pConnectionPoint);
        poleev->pConnectionPoint = NULL;
    }
    return Qnil;
}

static VALUE
evs_push(VALUE ev)
{
    return rb_ary_push(ary_ole_event, ev);
}

static VALUE
evs_delete(long i)
{
    rb_ary_store(ary_ole_event, i, Qnil);
    return Qnil;
}

static VALUE
evs_entry(long i)
{
    return rb_ary_entry(ary_ole_event, i);
}

static VALUE
evs_length()
{
    return rb_funcall(ary_ole_event, rb_intern("length"), 0);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_EVENT#handler=
 *
 *  sets event handler object. If handler object has onXXX
 *  method according to XXX event, then onXXX method is called
 *  when XXX event occurs.
 *
 *  If handler object has method_missing and there is no
 *  method according to the event, then method_missing
 *  called and 1-st argument is event name.
 *
 *  If handler object has onXXX method and there is block
 *  defined by WIN32OLE_EVENT#on_event('XXX'){},
 *  then block is executed but handler object method is not called
 *  when XXX event occurs.
 *
 *      class Handler
 *        def onStatusTextChange(text)
 *          puts "StatusTextChanged"
 *        end
 *        def onPropertyChange(prop)
 *          puts "PropertyChanged"
 *        end
 *        def method_missing(ev, *arg)
 *          puts "other event #{ev}"
 *        end
 *      end
 *
 *      handler = Handler.new
 *      ie = WIN32OLE.new('InternetExplorer.Application')
 *      ev = WIN32OLE_EVENT.new(ie)
 *      ev.on_event("StatusTextChange") {|*args|
 *        puts "this block executed."
 *        puts "handler.onStatusTextChange method is not called."
 *      }
 *      ev.handler = handler
 *
 */
static VALUE
fev_set_handler(VALUE self, VALUE val)
{
    return rb_ivar_set(self, rb_intern("handler"), val);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_EVENT#handler
 *
 *  returns handler object.
 *
 */
static VALUE
fev_get_handler(VALUE self)
{
    return rb_ivar_get(self, rb_intern("handler"));
}

static void
olevariant_free(struct olevariantdata *pvar)
{
    VariantClear(&(pvar->realvar));
    VariantClear(&(pvar->var));
    free(pvar);
}

static VALUE
folevariant_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
{
    struct olevariantdata *pvar;
    VALUE obj;
    ole_initialize();
    obj = Data_Make_Struct(klass,struct olevariantdata,0,olevariant_free,pvar);
    VariantInit(&(pvar->var));
    VariantInit(&(pvar->realvar));
    return obj;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_VARIANT.array(ary, vt)
 *
 *  Returns Ruby object wrapping OLE variant whose variant type is VT_ARRAY.
 *  The first argument should be Array object which specifies dimensions
 *  and each size of dimensions of OLE array.
 *  The second argument specifies variant type of the element of OLE array.
 *
 *  The following create 2 dimensions OLE array. The first dimensions size
 *  is 3, and the second is 4.
 *
 *     ole_ary = WIN32OLE_VARIANT.array([3,4], VT_I4)
 *     ruby_ary = ole_ary.value # => [[0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0]]
 *
 */
static VALUE
folevariant_s_array(VALUE klass, VALUE elems, VALUE vvt)
{
    VALUE obj = Qnil;
    VARTYPE vt;
    struct olevariantdata *pvar;
    SAFEARRAYBOUND *psab = NULL;
    SAFEARRAY *psa = NULL;
    UINT dim = 0;
    UINT i = 0;

    ole_initialize();

    vt = NUM2UINT(vvt);
    vt = (vt | VT_ARRAY);
    Check_Type(elems, T_ARRAY);
    obj = folevariant_s_allocate(klass);

    Data_Get_Struct(obj, struct olevariantdata, pvar);
    dim = RARRAY_LEN(elems);

    psab = ALLOC_N(SAFEARRAYBOUND, dim);

    if(!psab) {
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "memory allocation error");
    }

    for (i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
        psab[i].cElements = FIX2INT(rb_ary_entry(elems, i));
        psab[i].lLbound = 0;
    }

    psa = SafeArrayCreate((VARTYPE)(vt & VT_TYPEMASK), dim, psab);
    if (psa == NULL) {
        if (psab) free(psab);
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "memory allocation error(SafeArrayCreate)");
    }

    V_VT(&(pvar->var)) = vt;
    if (vt & VT_BYREF) {
        V_VT(&(pvar->realvar)) = (vt & ~VT_BYREF);
        V_ARRAY(&(pvar->realvar)) = psa;
        V_ARRAYREF(&(pvar->var)) = &(V_ARRAY(&(pvar->realvar)));
    } else {
        V_ARRAY(&(pvar->var)) = psa;
    }
    if (psab) free(psab);
    return obj;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_VARIANT.new(val, vartype) #=> WIN32OLE_VARIANT object.
 *
 *  Returns Ruby object wrapping OLE variant.
 *  The first argument specifies Ruby object to convert OLE variant variable.
 *  The second argument specifies VARIANT type.
 *  In some situation, you need the WIN32OLE_VARIANT object to pass OLE method
 *
 *     shell = WIN32OLE.new("Shell.Application")
 *     folder = shell.NameSpace("C:\\Windows")
 *     item = folder.ParseName("tmp.txt")
 *     # You can't use Ruby String object to call FolderItem.InvokeVerb.
 *     # Instead, you have to use WIN32OLE_VARIANT object to call the method.
 *     shortcut = WIN32OLE_VARIANT.new("Create Shortcut(\&S)")
 *     item.invokeVerb(shortcut)
 *
 */
static VALUE
folevariant_initialize(VALUE self, VALUE args)
{
    int len = 0;
    VARIANT var;
    VALUE val;
    VALUE vvt;
    VARTYPE vt;
    struct olevariantdata *pvar;

    len = RARRAY_LEN(args);
    if (len < 1 || len > 3) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong number of arguments (%d for 1..3)", len);
    }
    VariantInit(&var);
    val = rb_ary_entry(args, 0);

    if(!rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, cWIN32OLE) &&
       !rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, cWIN32OLE_VARIANT) &&
       !rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, rb_cTime)) {
        switch (TYPE(val)) {
        case T_ARRAY:
        case T_STRING:
        case T_FIXNUM:
        case T_BIGNUM:
        case T_FLOAT:
        case T_TRUE:
        case T_FALSE:
        case T_NIL:
            break;
        default:
            rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can not convert WIN32OLE_VARIANT from type %s",
                     rb_obj_classname(val));
        }
    }

    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olevariantdata, pvar);
    if (len == 1) {
        ole_val2variant(val, &(pvar->var));
    } else {
        vvt = rb_ary_entry(args, 1);
        vt = NUM2INT(vvt);
        ole_val2olevariantdata(val, vt, pvar);
    }
    vt = V_VT(&pvar->var);
    return self;
}

static SAFEARRAY *
get_locked_safe_array(VALUE val)
{
    struct olevariantdata *pvar;
    SAFEARRAY *psa = NULL;
    HRESULT hr;
    Data_Get_Struct(val, struct olevariantdata, pvar);
    if (!(V_VT(&(pvar->var)) & VT_ARRAY)) {
        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "variant type is not VT_ARRAY.");
    }
    psa = V_ISBYREF(&(pvar->var)) ? *V_ARRAYREF(&(pvar->var)) : V_ARRAY(&(pvar->var));
    if (psa == NULL) {
        return psa;
    }
    hr = SafeArrayLock(psa);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to SafeArrayLock");
    }
    return psa;
}

static long *
ary2safe_array_index(int ary_size, VALUE *ary, SAFEARRAY *psa)
{
    long dim;
    long *pid;
    long i;
    dim = SafeArrayGetDim(psa);
    if (dim != ary_size) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unmatch number of indices");
    }
    pid = ALLOC_N(long, dim);
    if (pid == NULL) {
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to allocate memory for indices");
    }
    for (i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
        pid[i] = NUM2INT(ary[i]);
    }
    return pid;
}

static void
unlock_safe_array(SAFEARRAY *psa)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    hr = SafeArrayUnlock(psa);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to SafeArrayUnlock");
    }
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_VARIANT[i,j,...] #=> element of OLE array.
 *
 *  Returns the element of WIN32OLE_VARIANT object(OLE array).
 *  This method is available only when the variant type of
 *  WIN32OLE_VARIANT object is VT_ARRAY.
 *
 *  REMARK:
 *     The all indicies should be 0 or natural number and
 *     lower than or equal to max indicies.
 *     (This point is different with Ruby Array indicies.)
 *
 *     obj = WIN32OLE_VARIANT.new([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
 *     p obj[0,0] # => 1
 *     p obj[1,0] # => 4
 *     p obj[2,0] # => WIN32OLERuntimeError
 *     p obj[0, -1] # => WIN32OLERuntimeError
 *
 */
static VALUE
folevariant_ary_aref(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    struct olevariantdata *pvar;
    SAFEARRAY *psa;
    VALUE val = Qnil;
    VARIANT variant;
    long *pid;
    HRESULT hr;

    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olevariantdata, pvar);
    if (!V_ISARRAY(&(pvar->var))) {
        rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
                 "`[]' is not available for this variant type object");
    }
    psa = get_locked_safe_array(self);
    if (psa == NULL) {
        return val;
    }

    pid = ary2safe_array_index(argc, argv, psa);

    VariantInit(&variant);
    V_VT(&variant) = (V_VT(&(pvar->var)) & ~VT_ARRAY) | VT_BYREF;
    hr = SafeArrayPtrOfIndex(psa, pid, &V_BYREF(&variant));
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to SafeArrayPtrOfIndex");
    }
    val = ole_variant2val(&variant);

    unlock_safe_array(psa);
    if (pid) free(pid);
    return val;
}

static VOID *
val2variant_ptr(VALUE val, VARIANT *var, VARTYPE vt)
{
    VOID *p = NULL;
    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    ole_val2variant_ex(val, var, vt);
    if ((vt & ~VT_BYREF) == VT_VARIANT) {
        p = var;
    } else {
        if ( (vt & ~VT_BYREF) != V_VT(var)) {
            hr = VariantChangeTypeEx(var, var,
                    cWIN32OLE_lcid, 0, (VARTYPE)(vt & ~VT_BYREF));
            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                ole_raise(hr, rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to change type");
            }
        }
        p = get_ptr_of_variant(var);
    }
    if (p == NULL) {
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to get pointer of variant");
    }
    return p;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_VARIANT[i,j,...] = val #=> set the element of OLE array
 *
 *  Set the element of WIN32OLE_VARIANT object(OLE array) to val.
 *  This method is available only when the variant type of
 *  WIN32OLE_VARIANT object is VT_ARRAY.
 *
 *  REMARK:
 *     The all indicies should be 0 or natural number and
 *     lower than or equal to max indicies.
 *     (This point is different with Ruby Array indicies.)
 *
 *     obj = WIN32OLE_VARIANT.new([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
 *     obj[0,0] = 7
 *     obj[1,0] = 8
 *     p obj.value # => [[7,2,3], [8,5,6]]
 *     obj[2,0] = 9 # => WIN32OLERuntimeError
 *     obj[0, -1] = 9 # => WIN32OLERuntimeError
 *
 */
static VALUE
folevariant_ary_aset(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    struct olevariantdata *pvar;
    SAFEARRAY *psa;
    VARIANT var;
    VARTYPE vt;
    long *pid;
    HRESULT hr;
    VOID *p = NULL;

    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olevariantdata, pvar);
    if (!V_ISARRAY(&(pvar->var))) {
        rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
                 "`[]' is not available for this variant type object");
    }
    psa = get_locked_safe_array(self);
    if (psa == NULL) {
        rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "failed to get SafeArray pointer");
    }

    pid = ary2safe_array_index(argc-1, argv, psa);

    VariantInit(&var);
    vt = (V_VT(&(pvar->var)) & ~VT_ARRAY);
    p = val2variant_ptr(argv[argc-1], &var, vt);
    if ((V_VT(&var) == VT_DISPATCH && V_DISPATCH(&var) == NULL) ||
        (V_VT(&var) == VT_UNKNOWN && V_UNKNOWN(&var) == NULL)) {
        rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "argument does not have IDispatch or IUnknown Interface");
    }
    hr = SafeArrayPutElement(psa, pid, p);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ole_raise(hr, eWIN32OLERuntimeError, "failed to SafeArrayPutElement");
    }

    unlock_safe_array(psa);
    if (pid) free(pid);
    return argv[argc-1];
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_VARIANT.value #=> Ruby object.
 *
 *  Returns Ruby object value from OLE variant.
 *     obj = WIN32OLE_VARIANT.new(1, WIN32OLE::VARIANT::VT_BSTR)
 *     obj.value # => "1" (not Fixnum object, but String object "1")
 *
 */
static VALUE
folevariant_value(VALUE self)
{
    struct olevariantdata *pvar;
    VALUE val = Qnil;
    VARTYPE vt;
    int dim;
    SAFEARRAY *psa;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olevariantdata, pvar);

    val = ole_variant2val(&(pvar->var));
    vt = V_VT(&(pvar->var));

    if ((vt & ~VT_BYREF) == (VT_UI1|VT_ARRAY)) {
        if (vt & VT_BYREF) {
            psa = *V_ARRAYREF(&(pvar->var));
        } else {
            psa  = V_ARRAY(&(pvar->var));
        }
        if (!psa) {
            return val;
        }
        dim = SafeArrayGetDim(psa);
        if (dim == 1) {
            val = rb_funcall(val, rb_intern("pack"), 1, rb_str_new2("C*"));
        }
    }
    return val;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_VARIANT.vartype #=> OLE variant type.
 *
 *  Returns OLE variant type.
 *     obj = WIN32OLE_VARIANT.new("string")
 *     obj.vartype # => WIN32OLE::VARIANT::VT_BSTR
 *
 */
static VALUE
folevariant_vartype(VALUE self)
{
    struct olevariantdata *pvar;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olevariantdata, pvar);
    return INT2FIX(V_VT(&pvar->var));
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     WIN32OLE_VARIANT.value = val #=> set WIN32OLE_VARIANT value to val.
 *
 *  Sets variant value to val. If the val type does not match variant value
 *  type(vartype), then val is changed to match variant value type(vartype)
 *  before setting val.
 *  Thie method is not available when vartype is VT_ARRAY(except VT_UI1|VT_ARRAY).
 *  If the vartype is VT_UI1|VT_ARRAY, the val should be String object.
 *
 *     obj = WIN32OLE_VARIANT.new(1) # obj.vartype is WIN32OLE::VARIANT::VT_I4
 *     obj.value = 3.2 # 3.2 is changed to 3 when setting value.
 *     p obj.value # => 3
 */
static VALUE
folevariant_set_value(VALUE self, VALUE val)
{
    struct olevariantdata *pvar;
    VARTYPE vt;
    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct olevariantdata, pvar);
    vt = V_VT(&(pvar->var));
    if (V_ISARRAY(&(pvar->var)) && ((vt & ~VT_BYREF) != (VT_UI1|VT_ARRAY) || TYPE(val) != T_STRING)) {
        rb_raise(eWIN32OLERuntimeError,
                 "`value=' is not available for this variant type object");
    }
    ole_val2olevariantdata(val, vt, pvar);
    return Qnil;
}

static void
init_enc2cp()
{
    enc2cp_table = st_init_numtable();
}

static void
free_enc2cp()
{
    st_free_table(enc2cp_table);
}

void
Init_win32ole()
{
    ary_ole_event = rb_ary_new();
    rb_gc_register_mark_object(ary_ole_event);
    id_events = rb_intern("events");

    com_vtbl.QueryInterface = QueryInterface;
    com_vtbl.AddRef = AddRef;
    com_vtbl.Release = Release;
    com_vtbl.GetTypeInfoCount = GetTypeInfoCount;
    com_vtbl.GetTypeInfo = GetTypeInfo;
    com_vtbl.GetIDsOfNames = GetIDsOfNames;
    com_vtbl.Invoke = Invoke;

    message_filter.QueryInterface = mf_QueryInterface;
    message_filter.AddRef = mf_AddRef;
    message_filter.Release = mf_Release;
    message_filter.HandleInComingCall = mf_HandleInComingCall;
    message_filter.RetryRejectedCall = mf_RetryRejectedCall;
    message_filter.MessagePending = mf_MessagePending;

    com_hash = Data_Wrap_Struct(rb_cData, rb_mark_hash, st_free_table, st_init_numtable());
    rb_gc_register_mark_object(com_hash);

    cWIN32OLE = rb_define_class("WIN32OLE", rb_cObject);

    rb_define_alloc_func(cWIN32OLE, fole_s_allocate);

    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "initialize", fole_initialize, -1);

    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "connect", fole_s_connect, -1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "const_load", fole_s_const_load, -1);

    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_free", fole_s_free, 1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_reference_count", fole_s_reference_count, 1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_show_help", fole_s_show_help, -1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "codepage", fole_s_get_code_page, 0);
    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "codepage=", fole_s_set_code_page, 1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "locale", fole_s_get_locale, 0);
    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "locale=", fole_s_set_locale, 1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "create_guid", fole_s_create_guid, 0);
    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_initialize", fole_s_ole_initialize, 0);
    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_uninitialize", fole_s_ole_uninitialize, 0);

    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "invoke", fole_invoke, -1);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "[]", fole_getproperty_with_bracket, -1);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "_invoke", fole_invoke2, 3);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "_getproperty", fole_getproperty2, 3);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "_setproperty", fole_setproperty2, 3);

    /* support propput method that takes an argument */
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "[]=", fole_setproperty_with_bracket, -1);

    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_free", fole_free, 0);

    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "each", fole_each, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "method_missing", fole_missing, -1);

    /* support setproperty method much like Perl ;-) */
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "setproperty", fole_setproperty, -1);

    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_methods", fole_methods, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_get_methods", fole_get_methods, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_put_methods", fole_put_methods, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_func_methods", fole_func_methods, 0);

    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_method", fole_method_help, 1);
    rb_define_alias(cWIN32OLE, "ole_method_help", "ole_method");
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_activex_initialize", fole_activex_initialize, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_type", fole_type, 0);
    rb_define_alias(cWIN32OLE, "ole_obj_help", "ole_type");
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_typelib", fole_typelib, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_query_interface", fole_query_interface, 1);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE, "ole_respond_to?", fole_respond_to, 1);

    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "VERSION", rb_str_new2(WIN32OLE_VERSION));
    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "ARGV", rb_ary_new());

    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "CP_ACP", INT2FIX(CP_ACP));
    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "CP_OEMCP", INT2FIX(CP_OEMCP));
    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "CP_MACCP", INT2FIX(CP_MACCP));
    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "CP_THREAD_ACP", INT2FIX(CP_THREAD_ACP));
    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "CP_SYMBOL", INT2FIX(CP_SYMBOL));
    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "CP_UTF7", INT2FIX(CP_UTF7));
    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "CP_UTF8", INT2FIX(CP_UTF8));

    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "LOCALE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT", INT2FIX(LOCALE_SYSTEM_DEFAULT));
    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE, "LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT", INT2FIX(LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT));

    mWIN32OLE_VARIANT = rb_define_module_under(cWIN32OLE, "VARIANT");
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_EMPTY", INT2FIX(VT_EMPTY));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_NULL", INT2FIX(VT_NULL));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_I2", INT2FIX(VT_I2));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_I4", INT2FIX(VT_I4));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_R4", INT2FIX(VT_R4));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_R8", INT2FIX(VT_R8));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_CY", INT2FIX(VT_CY));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_DATE", INT2FIX(VT_DATE));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_BSTR", INT2FIX(VT_BSTR));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_USERDEFINED", INT2FIX(VT_USERDEFINED));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_PTR", INT2FIX(VT_PTR));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_DISPATCH", INT2FIX(VT_DISPATCH));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_ERROR", INT2FIX(VT_ERROR));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_BOOL", INT2FIX(VT_BOOL));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_VARIANT", INT2FIX(VT_VARIANT));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_UNKNOWN", INT2FIX(VT_UNKNOWN));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_I1", INT2FIX(VT_I1));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_UI1", INT2FIX(VT_UI1));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_UI2", INT2FIX(VT_UI2));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_UI4", INT2FIX(VT_UI4));
#if (_MSC_VER >= 1300) || defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__)
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_I8", INT2FIX(VT_I8));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_UI8", INT2FIX(VT_UI8));
#endif
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_INT", INT2FIX(VT_INT));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_UINT", INT2FIX(VT_UINT));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_ARRAY", INT2FIX(VT_ARRAY));
    rb_define_const(mWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "VT_BYREF", INT2FIX(VT_BYREF));

    cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB = rb_define_class("WIN32OLE_TYPELIB", rb_cObject);
    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, "typelibs", foletypelib_s_typelibs, 0);
    rb_define_alloc_func(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, foletypelib_s_allocate);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, "initialize", foletypelib_initialize, -2);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, "guid", foletypelib_guid, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, "name", foletypelib_name, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, "version", foletypelib_version, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, "major_version", foletypelib_major_version, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, "minor_version", foletypelib_minor_version, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, "path", foletypelib_path, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, "ole_types", foletypelib_ole_types, 0);
    rb_define_alias(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, "ole_classes", "ole_types");
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, "visible?", foletypelib_visible, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, "library_name", foletypelib_library_name, 0);
    rb_define_alias(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, "to_s", "name");
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPELIB, "inspect", foletypelib_inspect, 0);

    cWIN32OLE_TYPE = rb_define_class("WIN32OLE_TYPE", rb_cObject);
    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "ole_classes", foletype_s_ole_classes, 1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "typelibs", foletype_s_typelibs, 0);
    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "progids", foletype_s_progids, 0);
    rb_define_alloc_func(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, foletype_s_allocate);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "initialize", foletype_initialize, 2);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "name", foletype_name, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "ole_type", foletype_ole_type, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "guid", foletype_guid, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "progid", foletype_progid, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "visible?", foletype_visible, 0);
    rb_define_alias(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "to_s", "name");
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "major_version", foletype_major_version, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "minor_version", foletype_minor_version, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "typekind", foletype_typekind, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "helpstring", foletype_helpstring, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "src_type", foletype_src_type, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "helpfile", foletype_helpfile, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "helpcontext", foletype_helpcontext, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "variables", foletype_variables, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "ole_methods", foletype_methods, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "ole_typelib", foletype_ole_typelib, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "implemented_ole_types", foletype_impl_ole_types, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "source_ole_types", foletype_source_ole_types, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "default_event_sources", foletype_default_event_sources, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "default_ole_types", foletype_default_ole_types, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_TYPE, "inspect", foletype_inspect, 0);

    cWIN32OLE_VARIABLE = rb_define_class("WIN32OLE_VARIABLE", rb_cObject);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_VARIABLE, "name", folevariable_name, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_VARIABLE, "ole_type", folevariable_ole_type, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_VARIABLE, "ole_type_detail", folevariable_ole_type_detail, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_VARIABLE, "value", folevariable_value, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_VARIABLE, "visible?", folevariable_visible, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_VARIABLE, "variable_kind", folevariable_variable_kind, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_VARIABLE, "varkind", folevariable_varkind, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_VARIABLE, "inspect", folevariable_inspect, 0);
    rb_define_alias(cWIN32OLE_VARIABLE, "to_s", "name");

    cWIN32OLE_METHOD = rb_define_class("WIN32OLE_METHOD", rb_cObject);
    rb_define_alloc_func(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, folemethod_s_allocate);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "initialize", folemethod_initialize, 2);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "name", folemethod_name, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "return_type", folemethod_return_type, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "return_vtype", folemethod_return_vtype, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "return_type_detail", folemethod_return_type_detail, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "invoke_kind", folemethod_invoke_kind, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "invkind", folemethod_invkind, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "visible?", folemethod_visible, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "event?", folemethod_event, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "event_interface", folemethod_event_interface, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "helpstring", folemethod_helpstring, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "helpfile", folemethod_helpfile, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "helpcontext", folemethod_helpcontext, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "dispid", folemethod_dispid, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "offset_vtbl", folemethod_offset_vtbl, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "size_params", folemethod_size_params, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "size_opt_params", folemethod_size_opt_params, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "params", folemethod_params, 0);
    rb_define_alias(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "to_s", "name");
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_METHOD, "inspect", folemethod_inspect, 0);

    cWIN32OLE_PARAM = rb_define_class("WIN32OLE_PARAM", rb_cObject);
    rb_define_alloc_func(cWIN32OLE_PARAM, foleparam_s_allocate);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_PARAM, "initialize", foleparam_initialize, 2);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_PARAM, "name", foleparam_name, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_PARAM, "ole_type", foleparam_ole_type, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_PARAM, "ole_type_detail", foleparam_ole_type_detail, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_PARAM, "input?", foleparam_input, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_PARAM, "output?", foleparam_output, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_PARAM, "optional?", foleparam_optional, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_PARAM, "retval?", foleparam_retval, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_PARAM, "default", foleparam_default, 0);
    rb_define_alias(cWIN32OLE_PARAM, "to_s", "name");
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_PARAM, "inspect", foleparam_inspect, 0);

    cWIN32OLE_EVENT = rb_define_class("WIN32OLE_EVENT", rb_cObject);
    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE_EVENT, "message_loop", fev_s_msg_loop, 0);
    rb_define_alloc_func(cWIN32OLE_EVENT, fev_s_allocate);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_EVENT, "initialize", fev_initialize, -1);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_EVENT, "on_event", fev_on_event, -1);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_EVENT, "on_event_with_outargs", fev_on_event_with_outargs, -1);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_EVENT, "off_event", fev_off_event, -1);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_EVENT, "unadvise", fev_unadvise, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_EVENT, "handler=", fev_set_handler, 1);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_EVENT, "handler", fev_get_handler, 0);

    cWIN32OLE_VARIANT = rb_define_class("WIN32OLE_VARIANT", rb_cObject);
    rb_define_alloc_func(cWIN32OLE_VARIANT, folevariant_s_allocate);
    rb_define_singleton_method(cWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "array", folevariant_s_array, 2);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "initialize", folevariant_initialize, -2);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "value", folevariant_value, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "value=", folevariant_set_value, 1);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "vartype", folevariant_vartype, 0);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "[]", folevariant_ary_aref, -1);
    rb_define_method(cWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "[]=", folevariant_ary_aset, -1);
    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "Empty", rb_funcall(cWIN32OLE_VARIANT, rb_intern("new"), 2, Qnil, INT2FIX(VT_EMPTY)));
    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "Null", rb_funcall(cWIN32OLE_VARIANT, rb_intern("new"), 2, Qnil, INT2FIX(VT_NULL)));
    rb_define_const(cWIN32OLE_VARIANT, "Nothing", rb_funcall(cWIN32OLE_VARIANT, rb_intern("new"), 2, Qnil, INT2FIX(VT_DISPATCH)));

    eWIN32OLERuntimeError = rb_define_class("WIN32OLERuntimeError", rb_eRuntimeError);

    init_enc2cp();
    atexit((void (*)(void))free_enc2cp);
    ole_init_cp();
}